Approximately

Chapter 9 1)Approximately how much water do you need each day to stay healthy? Water constitutes 50% to 70% of the human body. Its unique chemical properties enable it to dissolve substances as well as serve as medium for chemical reactions, temperature regulation and lubrication (found in the knees and other joints of the body); it also aids in regulating the acid base balance in the body. It helps remove waste from the body and is the basis for saliva, bile and amniotic fluid. It is clear that obtaining the proper daily intake of water is extremely important.For adults daily water needs are estimated at 2. 7 liters (11 cups) for adult women to 3. 7 liters (15 cups) for adult men, total water is a combination of fluids and food. For fluid alone this corresponds to at 2. 2 liters of water (9 cups) for women to 3 liters water (13 cups) for men per day. (Fluid intake does not have to be derived from water alone). Identify at least two situations that increase the need for water. ?Dehyd ration: Dehydration is triggered after the loss of water due to illness and drinking alcohol.The following are signs of the early stages of dehydration: dry mouth and lips, difficulty concentrating, dizziness, headache, elevated heart rate and fatigue. ?Thirst: If you do not drink enough water your brain lets you know by signaling thirst. Your brain communicates the need to drink. Thirst mechanism can lag behind actual water loss after a prolonged exercise and illness, as well as in older people. Children that are ill especially those with fever, diarrhea, vomiting and increased perspiration should be encouraged to take in adequate fluids.Then list three sources of water in the average person’s diet. ?Liquids: Beverages that we consume, such as water, milk, coffee, tea, soda and fruit juices. Beer and wine are also considered forms of water however – these should be consumed within healthy daily guidelines (2 for men and 1 for women). Plain water is considered by many experts to be the best source as it provides water intake without adding any calories – even though it doesn’t provide any other nutrients. ?Foods: Much of the food we consume has water.Many fruits and vegetables are more than 80% water. ?Metabolic Water: Water as a byproduct of metabolism. 2)What is the relationship with sodium and water balance, and how is that relationship monitored as well as maintained in the body? Sodium is the major positive ion found outside cells and is essential to fluid balance and nerve impulse balance. The North American diet provides abundant sodium through processed foods and table salt. Table salt is chemically known as sodium chloride, it is 40% sodium and 60% chloride.The human body absorbs almost all sodium consumed. Once absorbed it becomes the major positive ion found outside of cells in extracellular fluid and is a key factor in retaining body water. Fluid balance throughout the body depends partly on the variation of sodium and o ther ion concentrations among the water containing components in the body. Sodium ions also function in nerve impulse conduction and absorption of nutrients like glucose. Both deficiency and toxicity can occur with sodium; the greater concern lies with toxicity.Sodium deficiency is less common than excess sodium since it is so readily available in the diet; many health problems can occur when either happens. Kidneys are essential for regulating the volume and composition of bodily fluids. Water balance is achieved by ensuring that the amount of water consumed and generated by metabolism equals the amount of water excreted by the body. Consumption side is regulated by behavioral mechanisms which include thirst and salt cravings. Urine is produced not only to eliminate cellular waste products, but also to control the amount and composition of extracellular fluid.Controlling the amount of water and sodium as well as other chemicals is essential to life – our body controls this b y producing various amounts of urine so that we can conserve water and chemicals when short in supply. Too much or too little water and/or salt in our bodies is dangerous. Therefore the amount of water and salt excreted in urine and the amount of urine excreted is adjusted to meet the needs of the body. 3)Identify four factors that influence the bioavailability of minerals from food. Food supplies us with many minerals, but the way in which our bodies are able to absorb them varies.The degree to which ingested nutrient is absorbed from food sources and is available to our body is called bioavailability. The bioavailability of minerals depends on many factors. The mineral content listed in food composition table for amount of a mineral in a food is just a starting point for estimating the actual contribution the food will make to our mineral needs. For example spinach contains much calcium but only 5% can be absorbed because of the vegetables high concentration of oxalic acid, a calc ium binder. Usually 25% of calcium is absorbed by adults.Minerals from animal products are absorbed better as binders such as fiber in plant foods are not present to hinder absorption. The mineral content of plants greatly depends on mineral concentrations of the soil in which they are grown. Refined plant food has a lower content of minerals. Four factors that influence bioavailability of minerals from food are outlined below: ? Fiber -Mineral Interactions: Components of fiber, particularly phytic acid in grain fiber can limit absorption of some minerals by binding to them. Oxalic acid is another substance in plants that binds minerals and makes them less bioavailable.High-fiber diets can decrease the absorption of iron, zinc and possibly other minerals. ?Mineral-Mineral Interaction: Many mineral, such as magnesium, calcium, iron and copper are of similar sizes and the same electrical charge causes these minerals to compete with each other for absorption, and therefore they affect each other’s bioavailability. An excess of one mineral decrease the absorption and metabolism of other minerals. ?Vitamin-Mineral Interaction: Many beneficial vitamin-mineral interactions occur during nutrient absorption and metabolism.When consumed in conjunction with Vitamin C, absorption of certain forms of iron such as that in plant products improves. The active Vitamin D hormone improves calcium absorption. Many vitamins require specific minerals to act as components in their structure and functions. ?Mineral Toxicities: An excessive mineral intake, particularly of trace minerals (such as iron and copper) can have toxic results. For many trace minerals the gap between just enough and too much is quite small. Using mineral supplements should be closely monitored and should not exceed any upper level set on a term basis.The potential for toxicity is not the only reason to carefully consider the use of mineral supplements – there can also be harmful interactions with other nutrients, as well as the possibility of the supplements being contaminated. 5) In terms of total amounts in the body, calcium and phosphorous are the first and second most abundant minerals, respectively. What functions do these minerals have in common? Approximately 99% of calcium is found in the bones. In addition to its critical role in bones, it also functions in blood clotting muscle contraction, nerve-impulse transmission and cell metabolism.Calcium requires a slightly acid PH and the Vitamin D hormone for efficient absorption. Calcium deficiency is a major factor in osteoporosis. Approximately 85% of the body’s phosphorus is found in the bones – the remainder is found in the bloodstream and functions inside cells. Phosphorus is a component of enzymes, other key compounds, DNA, cell membrane and bone. The body efficiently absorbs phosphorus at about 70% of dietary intake. The high absorption rate and the availability of phosphorus in foods makes this mine ral less important than calcium in dietary planning.The active Vitamin D enhances absorption. Although there is currently no specific disease associated with inadequate phosphorus intake, a deficiency may contribute to bone loss in older women. The functions that these two minerals have in common are that they are both critical to good bone health, have a cell function of sorts, the majority of each is found in the bones, and Vitamin D enhances the absorption of both. ? Chapter 10 1)How does greater physical fitness contribute to better overall health? Explain the process. Physical fitness has many health benefits.Physical fitness refers to the ability to perform moderate to vigorous activity without undue fatigue. The benefits of regular physical activity include, less injury, better sleep habits, reduced blood pressure, increased cardiovascular function and improved blood lipid profiles, aids in weight control/loss, increases muscle mass and strength, improves GI tract peristalsis , slows aging process, reduces risk of certain cancers, improves immune function, increases flexibility and balance, reduces stress and improves self-image, improves blood glucose, and strengthens bones and joints.Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommends that all adults should be active to some extent – some activity is better than none. The Physical Activity Guidelines set specific time goals for adults – they are outlined below: ? For substantial health benefits, adults should do at least 150 minutes a week or moderate-intensity activity or 75 minutes of a week of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity or an equivalent combination of moderate and vigorous intensity aerobic activity. For additional health benefits, adults should increase aerobic activity to 300 minutes a week or moderate-intensity activity or 150 minutes of a week of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity or an equivalent combination of moderate and vigorous intensity aerobic activity. ?Adults should also include muscle strengthening activities that involve all major muscle groups at least two days a week. ?In order to stay with an exercise program the following are recommended: oStart slow oVary activities, make it fun oInclude friends and family Set specific and attainable goals and monitor progress oSet aside a specific time each day for exercise oReward yourself for keeping up with your goals oDon’t worry about occasional setbacks; keep focus on long-term health goals. 2)You have set a goal to increase muscle mass and decrease body fat. Plan a weekly fitness regime, specifying activity types, frequency, intensity, duration, and progression. Commitment is an important step in participating in a physical fitness program and is the first step in putting together a weekly fitness regimen.There are three main components to a good plan that will decrease body fat and increase muscle mass; aerobic, stretching/flexibility, and strength training. ?Aero bic: Aerobic exercise focuses on improving cardiorespiratory and cardiovascular health. oActivities: Walking, running, hiking, cycling, basketball, tennis, soccer, elliptical trainer, etc. o Duration: 20 to 60 minutes. oIntensity: 55% to 90% maximum heart rate or RPE of 4 or above. oFrequency: 5 days a week oProgression: Initiation Phase 3 to 6 weeks/Improvement Phase 5 to 6 months/Maintenance Phase plateau in gains in fitness. Stretching/Flexibility: Focuses on stretching muscles in an effort to maintain and increase mobility. oActivities: Yoga and stretching o Duration: 4 repetitions of 10 to 30 seconds per muscle group oFrequency: 2 to 3 days a week and during warm-up and cool down oIntensity: 5 to 10 minutes during warm-up and cool down oProgression: Start with smaller muscle groups (arms) and work toward large muscle groups (legs) ?Strength: Focuses on increasing or maintaining muscle mass through resistance exercise. oActivities: Weight lifting, Pilates, push-ups and ull-ups o Duration: 8 to 12 repetitions of 8 to 10 to different exercises oFrequency: 2 to 3 days a week oIntensity: Enough to condition major muscle groups of the upper and lower body. 3)How are carbohydrates, fat and protein used to supply energy during a 100-meter sprint, during a weight lifting session, during a 3-mile walk? Nutrients are converted to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) base on intensity and duration of any activity. Carbohydrates are the main nutrient for fueling exercise of moderate to high intensity, and fat providing energy during low intensity exercises.For example, fat is a great fuel for endurance events, but would not be good for 100-meter sprint. If exercising at a low intensity (50% of the max heart rate) you would have enough stored fat to fuel activity for hours or days as long as their sufficient oxygen to allow fat metabolism to occur. As the intensity of exercise increases, carbohydrate metabolism takes over. While it is more efficient than fat metabolism it has limited energy stores. This stored carbohydrate can fuel about two hours of moderate to high level exercise.One could continue with moderate to high intensity for longer by replenishing carbohydrate stores during exercise. If carbohydrates are not restored you will have to reduce your intensity and draw energy from fat. As exercise intensity continues to increase, carbohydrate metabolism efficiency drops and anaerobic metabolism kicks in – because the body can’t take in and distribute oxygen quickly enough to metabolism carbs or fat easily. Low amounts of protein are metabolized during all levels of exercise – slightly more in endurance exercise especially when carbohydrate fuel has been depleted.

Dental Hygiene Research Essay

I.Introduction- Dental hygienists can be found in a variety of workplace settings, but Usually they work in private dental offices. II.1st body paragraph Overview – What exactly does a Dental Hygienist do and why is it important? A.1st Paragraph Supporting Details – They remove hard and soft deposits on teeth Take and develop x-rays, make impressions for casts†¦ B.1st Paragraph Supporting Details – Teach patients proper technique and strategies for good overall oral health. C.The American Heart Association researchers shared findings that professional dental care can reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke. D.1st Paragraph Supporting Details – Other similar jobs are Dentist and Dental assistant. III.2nd body paragraph Overview – Specific requirements and education needed to become a dental hygienist. A.2nd Paragraph Supporting Details– Each state has its own educational requirements. B.2nd Paragraph Supporting Details–A minimum of an associate’s degree in dental hygiene is needed to enter the occupation. C.Majority of college programs take at least 2 years to complete. D.A bachelors or master’s degree is required for teaching, research, or practice in public or school health programs. E.Areas of study are anatomy, physiology, radiography, and periodontology. IV.3rd body paragraph Overview – Advantages and disadvantages of the dental hygiene profession. A.3rd Paragraph Supporting Details- Personal satisfaction from helping all types of people. B.3rd Paragraph Supporting Details– Because of education and training, they are valuable members of the oral healthcare team. C.3rd Paragraph Supporting Details– Flexible scheduling. Full-time and part-time options are usually available. More than half of dental hygienists work part time allowing them to sometimes work for more than one employer. D.3rd Paragraph Supporting Details– Great demand for dental hygienists so employment opportunities are going to be available well into the future. V.Conclusion – While cleaning teeth is one of the skills a dental hygienist has been trained to do, it’s only one of the many

A Study Of The Political Culture In Japan Since Time Immemorial

A Study Of The Political Culture In Japan Since Time Immemorial Throughout most of history, Japanese political culture has centralized around the concept of imperialism. Only during the time period of 1192-1867 did the central imperialist government loose control. This was brought upon by the civil wars and the anarchy that Japan faced prior to 1192. These events set the stage for a new ruling system called Seii-Taishogun 1. Due to this type of military dictatorship the shogun ruled all of Japan. From the new administrative capital, Edo (present day Tokyo) the shogun era controlled by the Tokugawa family brought long lasting peace to Japan, increased wealth and influence of the warrior class, a distinct social status classification system, decreased power of the emperor, and created an isolationism policy for Japan. Oda Nobunga (1534-1582) and Toyomoto Hideyoshi (1537- 1598) brought their opponents to knees. The process reached its climax in 1590, when Hideyoshi carried his banners into eastern Japan. Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616) rose to power in this vortex of civil war, and succeed Hideyoshi as leader of the country s military estate. With Ieyasu in control of the country he wanted to establish a controlling government body that would keep his family in power for many centuries to come. With the implementation of Tokugawa political rule, this sleepy, historic area was destined to become the capital of all of Japan. By the start of the century, roughly one century after the establishment of Tokugawa bakufu, the city of Edo already boasted a population of around one million in habitants. With the government in the hands of Ieyasu it was clear that he wanted to create a new system of government that would separate the imperial nobles from the military nobles. decreed in Article 7 of the Rules for the Palace and Court that court ranks and offices of members o0f the military are to be treated separately from those held by court nobility. The imperial court that Ieyasu created which featured the emperor had no real power over the country while the members of the military court, led by Ieyasu controlled the country. The two main members of the military court were made up of the shogun, and the daimyo. The shoguns basic responsibilities to the military court was to supervise the court, while daimyo discussed issues, ensure domestic peace among the clans, and protect Japan from hostile outside threats. The daimyo were nobles/lords that that represented various clans and controlled parts of Japan through their regiment of samurai. Each daimyo could control there own section as they saw fit as long as it was is accordance to the regulations handed down by the shogun. As a way to ensure peace, and a willingness of the daimyo to co-operate with the rulings of the court the daimyo had to put up retainers. Bannermen and household retainers were actually put to work as guards in charge of fortifying the surroundings of the castle; daimyo wives and children were required to in live in the capital; daimyo themselves were given no choice but to accept the system of alternate attendance. Also Ieyasu ensured that his family would be guaranteed the leadership of the country, and assurance that no one daimyo clan could over power the government. Imposing taxes and repercussions that would be to great of a risk to rebel against the shogun government. Ieyasu imposed strict controls on the daimyo families, in particular those which had opposed his own bid for power. They were forced to spend a large part of the revenue from their fiefs on road-building and other improvements, and also to maintain residences in Edo, the shoguns seat of government, as well as in their fiefs. This kept them too poor to mount any effective opposition to the shogunate, even if they had been willing to sacrifice their families. 5 By means of these different types of influence that the shogun had over various government councils, this left the shogun with no serious challenges towards his authority. By the final decades of the seventeenth century, when the process of state building had run its course in France and Japan, the shogun and king embraced in principle and often exercised in practice and unprecedented degree of power. Each hegemon asserted the supreme right to proclaim laws, levy taxes, and adjudicate disputes. Each ruler presided over a bureaucracy that carried out the details of governance, and each state enjoyed monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force, the better to impose its will. 6 Which is why the emperor, and the imperial court had no real power over the country and that the shogun reigned supreme it its military dictatorship. Due to this new era of constant peace in Japan the demand for warriors, such as samurai greatly decreased during the shogun era. This left many people out of jobs and mostly samurai had to find a line of work in something else. But, in Edo the shogun was the only entity that kept a massive army for protection, and a massive migration of soldiers descended upon the city. For this reason many jobs became available for merchants, and artisans that were needed to help and supply the enormous amount of supplies that were being utilized in the great building (forts/castles) expansion that was occurring in Edo. Commoners began to stream into the city during the 1590 s, as Ieyasu promised his patronage to those who would help him construct his military headquarters and provision his warriors: armorers and smiths, lumber dealers and carpenters. 7 With all of these jobs that had been created by this migration the Japanese culture began seeing the emergence of a middle-class economic system tha t was mainly made up of these commoners that had gone to work in Edo. Even though this was a major break through in terms of equality among people the same customs and community hierarchy as in the imperial era stayed mostly the same. Each rank of the feudal hierarchy was allotted clearly defined limits above or below which it was impermissible to pass. The principle of knowing one s place was of paramount importance: it was the iron law of feudal ethics. Today, knowing one s place generally implies not rising above what is deemed appropriate. But during the Edo period, falling below one s station was also prohibited. This ethic and the social order that supported it were firmly established during the century that followed the founding of Edo. 8 The definite social structure of the Edo period was similar to what was found in the imperial periods. The whole concept of knowing one s place in society was followed closely and strictly by the governing bodies. A perfect example of is the instance of the ranking of the daimyo. Principles of warrior rule gove rned the rank or status of individuals and families in the feudal hierarchy. Rules were drawn up stipulating the forms a daimyo was required to follow. Social rank determined the shape and size of the daimyo s Edo residence, the scale of his processions, and the kind of vehicles, furnishings, and clothing he was allowed to use. Distinctions of feudal rank were displayed to be immediately visible. These included the colours and designs of clothing, styles of architecture and materials used in buildings and gardens, and the methods and ingredients employed in manufacturing various goods consumed by the warrior. 9 These social classifications were closely watched and to disgrace the social conduct presented by these rules would result in a demotion of the daimyo s status in the society. This held true even in the instance of the society status of the emperor compared to shogun. During the shogun era the power of the emperor was nothing. He was more seen as a symbol of Japanese culture and religion than an authoritative figure during this era. the powers the emperor delegated to the shogun were public, meaning that authority was to be exercised not in the private interest of the shogun and warrior estate but rather in a manner that contributed to the well-being of all of the people of the realm. 10 The whole meaning of it was to look out for the people of Japan rather than just the minority that ran it. This was clearly true as the shogun era progressed the emperor s duties were relegated to just ceremonies, and the separation of the Buddhist church influence in the politics of the country became a law. Toward the sovereign emperor and the aristocracy n Kyoto, for instance Ieyasu and his successors acted with appropriate deference, granting them sustenance lands and rebuilding long neglected palaces. But the shoguns also stationed a military governor in the ancient imperial capital.. Regulations concerning the Emperor and Court, which confined the emperor and nobility to a life of ceremonial and artistic pursuits. The same blend of coercion and patronage characterized the shogun s relationship with the Buddhist religious establishment. The policy of the Tokugawa shoguns was to keep the church fiscally dependent upon government and isolated from secular affairs. Thus the shogun s officials endowed important shrines and temples with landholdings sufficient to sustain them as religious centers, but in 1615 the government also announced a code that restricted priests to purely religious and ritual activities, and twenty years later it placed religious institutions under the careful purview of the commissioners of shrines and temples. 11 The shoguns policy towards the church and the imperial court was that they had no power over any policies and decisions made by the shogun government. There only reason was to be there as cultural symbols t o the people of Japan. Also, the reason that the shogun government worked was due to its foreign policies, towards the isolationism of Japan from the rest of the world. Through all of the social reform that the shogun era established probably the greatest achievement by this government was its isolationism from the outside world. During the opening decades of the seventeenth century, the Tokugawa shoguns prohibited Christianity and restricted foreign commerce to Chinese and Dutch traders at Nagasaki, thus ushering in the Pax Tokugawa two centuries of peace under a warrior government. 12 This stance on foreign relations was a great boost to the Japanese way of life. It made the country as a whole concentrate on what was going on inside the country rather than what was going on outside of Japan during the exploration and colonization period that occurred in most of the other continents. The fact that Japan as a country was cut off from the rest of the world allowed them to keep their culture strong. The conclusion of warfare and the beginning of the great Pax Tokugawa provided the shogun (and the regional daimyo as well) with an opportunity to convert their warrior corps into civilian administrators. 13 The time of peace allowed more people in the country to serve the government in other ways such as; farming, politics, blacksmith, etc. The military government provided by the shogun era brought about many changes to imperial Japan. It established a secure government that kept the culture and unity of the country as a whole, very strong. This was because of the great achievements that were made by this type of government, such as; long lasting peace to Japan, the great city of Edo (present day Tokyo), increased wealth and influence of the warrior social class, creation of a distinct social pattern, decreased power of the emperor/religion in the policies made by the government, and the isolationism of Japan which saved its culture from outside influence.

Critical issue in global health ( Mental Health in the People's Essay

Critical issue in global health ( Mental Health in the People's Republic of China ) - Essay Example Phillips noted the recent developments in mental health policy as a step in the right direction. Under pressure from the international community and a growing awareness of the benefits of healthy population, the government is reportedly investing heavily on public health measures such as in mental health. However, the speaker pointed out that there are still much to be done and improved on. There is the case of the vulnerabilities in the National Mental Health Law and the need for more experts and talents to fill the gap in the area of research and mental health treatment. According to Phillips, it is important for the world to be aware of the state of mental health in China because there are several critical differences. He cited the case of suicide as an example. He found that in China, suicide is impulsive rather than premeditated and this is the reason why many suicide cases were diagnosed to be free of mental illness. This along with several other issues, concluded, Phillips is the reason why high-income countries could also learn something from China. Phillips, M. (22 October 2013). Mental Health in the China People’s Republic of China: An Epidemiological Journey. [Video file]. Retrieved from

The Interpretation of Marketing Strategy on the Rise of Wong Lo Kat Essay

The Interpretation of Marketing Strategy on the Rise of Wong Lo Kat - Essay Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that there are more than 2000 Chinas time-honored brand enterprises recognized in China, mainly concentrated in the catering trades, pharmaceuticals, and other industries. However, according to the current statistics, about 70% of Chinas time-honored brand enterprises have disappeared, while the majority of surviving the situation is a precarious business, and only 10% of the good economic form of scale is very small. As one of the old pharmaceuticals industries, Wong Lo Kat (whose old name is Guangzhou Yangcheng Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd) is a booming company. It reached 1.5 billion, plus canned drinks, the total sales of which exceeds to 300 million CNY in 2003. From 1999 to 2003, the average growth rate of Wong Lo Kat was more than 25%, which is labeled as the success model of the combination between the traditional workshop and modern business, as well as a successful example of other traditional pharmaceuticals enterpri ses. Herbal tea is one kind of the teas which are formed through the Chinese herbal medicine in the regions of Guangdong and Guang Xi. Generally speaking, it has the function of clearing heat and dampness. Wong Lo Kat is the most famous herbal tea among the old herbal teas. As time has gone by Wong Lo Kat has also become famous in the world. Wong Lo Kat’s development had its chance and special features to expand further. It created the transformation from a small company to a large company in one year. In its first stage, it faced some problems such as the confusion between the beverage and herbal tea and so on.

Wk 5 Assignment Marketing and Operations Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wk 5 Marketing and Operations - Assignment Example shorts boost self confidence by reducing visibility of excess skin, reducing grip on the body giving comfort, a sex/sporty look, supporting the body and conveying a slimmer look. Moreover, our sales persons are readily available to make deliveries and assist with any product issues. Blog language and Design: use of key marketing works such as supports the body, comforts, gives a sexy, sporty and slimmer look and boosts self confidence in women. The design involves different colors fancied by women, fashions and also uses the language of sport, fashion and style. The website is developed with the target market in mind and thus has the features that attract the targeted audience. We will continuously maintain and update the site in order to for it to have current information at any time. Customers will be able to make orders online, sign up for updates on products, listen to or stream our videos, chat with us live and access our micro blogs. Main objectives are to drive traffic, collect customer feedback, avail product information to customers, give real time solutions to customer enquiries, and collate customer contact details and ultimately to communicate. We will use SEO and SEM to grow traffic through graphic displays, mobile device marketing and integrating social media. We will grow sales through sales generation and nurturing of the leads and optimization of conversations. SEO and SEM will also be used to generate results and analyze and evaluate results. The newsletter will contain such as appreciation to the customer as a business partner, explanation of the companies mission and values that are behind our products. Customers will also be given opportunity to know the persons behind the products and also request for their feedback on products. We will send the newsletters every time we have launched a new product and at the end of quarters just to engage customers and get suggestions for improvement. The mailing list will be built by software that

Proposal Argument I Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Proposal Argument I - Essay Example Meet the Parents† was made on this topic in which a male nurse fell in love with a girl and when they go to visit the parents of that girl everything become a nightmare just because the profession owned by that guy was nursing. The movie represents a true picture of our society because today, millions of people have a perception that nursing is only a field for females and they believe a man cannot fit in a feminine field. I believe this is totally wrong and unfair because the issue of inequality of male nurses is exactly the same to the issues of discrimination in other professions. To understand the reasons for inequality facing men in nursing, it is crucial to have an insight into the past of this profession. In the 3rd century, nursing was founded as an attractive profession in ancient rime and at that time it was dominated by men. In the 20th century, women dominated nursing and had kicked out men from this profession by creating a perception that nursing is a â€Å"feminine† profession. The biggest support with women was the foundation of the American Nurse Association in 1913, which banned the entry of men. Later, somewhere in 1930’s men were welcomed to nursing, but just in papers and documents because they were discriminated by teachers in school and later on by peers, patients and society in their workplace. I have been interviewing many registered male nurses and most of them complained about unequal treatment by teachers in school. Johnson is a registered male nurse and he told me that the course contents, class environment and teaching style were women centered, which compelled me to feel uncomfortable during classes (Johnson). Many authors also participated in making the issue of inequality in the field of nursing for male nurse by referring nurses as women in their books and text books which further discouraged males from choosing nursing as a profession. This is not the limit, as patients usually demand to have female nurses to take care of

No need Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

No need - Essay Example After taking the introduction to conflict and resolution class, I learnt that there are many theories that one can use to understand the reason of conflict such as the nested theory, which reasonably analyses the reason of conflict. Indeed, I learnt the importance of culture and religion in the field of conflict and resolution as well as how they relate with the idea of peace building. This paper will be about the ideas, theories, and readings that I believe are important to conflict and resolution. Indeed, one can notice that the field of conflict and resolution contains various theories and ideas that are sometimes different yet they all try to answer the same questions such as why countries conflict. They also seek to explain human behavior. Furthermore, to me culture is very important in conflict and resolutions. This is because culture is deeply rooted in one’s past experiences, and as such, we can view it as a derivative of one’s own experiences (Avruch 20). Indee d, any person worldview is determined to a big extent by his/her culture, and therefore, culture is quite important in conflict resolution. In fact, from personal experiences, a person can build his/her new opinions and believes or become more attached to his/her pervious opinion. As a result, when two people have different opinions over an idea and none of them has enough information about the other side background, this will lead to conflict. Ideally, the two will conflict because each will try to convince the other side with his/her opinion and not being aware of the reasons that made the other side reject his/her opinion. One of the theories I learned this semester in the conflict resolution class is the Nested theory that I believe helps to explain the reason why conflict exist. The Nested model of conflict is based on the structural nature of the conflicts. In the nested model, Dugan identified three levels of conflict. These levels include the issue specific level, relational level, structural subsystem level, and structural system level. The levels are interrelated and adopt a pattern where the narrow types or levels of conflict nest within the broader level (Dugan 14). We can view these levels as the spider web where it starts with small circles surrounded by larger circles (Kotev paragraph 1). In the middle of the web, we have the individual surrounded by the community and then the larger circles represent the society (Kotev paragraph 1). In order to understand the reason of conflict, one should first look at the individual and what is around him/her to determine what kind of intuitions and community can affect his/her way of thinking. In addition, one can use the larger circle to see how the society affects the communities and the individuals. According to this theory, in resolving conflicts, we should first critically analyze the conflict and locate it within the category of conflicts where it fits. Having done that, we should then proceed to find the best way to resolve the root causes of the conflict. The reason why I mainly focused on culture, religion, and the nested theory is that I come from a religious country to a western country, which is the United States. I noticed that many American students and citizens do not know a lot about the Arab countries culture and religion. In fact, many think that Qatar, UAE and KSA are one country. For example, many westerns view the Arab women as oppressed women and that they are forced by men

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 29

Business Law - Essay Example t as a separate legal entity, no legal requirements govern its formation, and owners have unlimited liability and equal decision making rights, unless specified (Miller 2012, p. 496). Limited partnership requires submission of certificate of limited partnership, acquisition of a charter for business operations, and a general partner and a limited partner while a limited liability partnership requires submission of a qualification for limited liability status (City Law School 2008, p. 31, 32). These identify such advantages as shared losses and pooled resources, and disadvantages such as long decision-making process, shared profits, unlimited liability, termination against a partner’s wish, and financial risk due to limited capital base (Mann and Roberts 2013, p. 678, 679). Agreement among owners, issuance of a charter, and submission of legal documents subject to Companies’ Act 2006 (Appendix 1) form a limited liability company (City Law School 2008, p. 23). It is a separate entity, as the case of Salomon v A Salomon & Co Ltd illustrates (McLaughlin 2015, p. 82). Limited liability and veil of corporation are some of the legal consequences of incorporation (Appendix 2) and transferable share capital and debentures are sources of capital. It therefore enjoys such advantages as wider capital base, expertise management, sustainability, transparency availability of accounts for inspections, and limited liability, but disadvantages such as slow decision managing and possible lost authority over the business. The doctrine of corporate veil governs operations of a limited liability company. It provides that liabilities are limited to the entity and shareholders and corporate members are lot liable for any right or duty of the entity, unless factors to piercing of the veil exist, subject to the case of Woolfson v Strathclyde Regional Council [1978] SC (HL) 90 (Dignam and Hicks 2011, p. 116). A private limited company can however not sell its shares to the public for

Color and Vans Essay Example for Free

Color and Vans Essay Vans and Converse are both brands of shoes. Vans and Converses have many similarities but they also both have many differences. Both brands come in many different colors and patterns. They also both come in many different styles. For example, they both come in slip-ons, lace-ups, and boots. Also both Converse and Vans make shoes for many different activities. For example, Converse makes shoes for Basketball and Cheerleading. Vans make shoes for surfing, skating, skateboarding, BMX, Moto X, and Snowboarding. Last but not least, they both make casual shoes. Some differences between Vans and Converse are sizing and pricing. The Converse sizes are smaller than the actual street shoe you wear. The pricing between Vans and Converse is also different. Converses are more expensive than Vans. Those are just some of the similarities and differences between vans and Converse. Vans vs converse Vans and Converse are both brands of shoes. Vans and Converses have many similarities but they also both have many differences. Both brands come in many different colors and patterns. They also both come in many different styles. For example, they both come in slip-ons, lace-ups, and boots. Also both Converse and Vans make shoes for many different activities. For example, Converse makes shoes for Basketball and Cheerleading. Vans make shoes for surfing, skating, skateboarding, BMX, Moto X, and Snowboarding. Last but not least, they both make casual shoes. Some differences between Vans and Converse are sizing and pricing. The Converse sizes are smaller than the actual street shoe you wear. The pricing between Vans and Converse is also different. Converses are more expensive than Vans. Those are just some of the similarities and differences between vans and Converse. Vans vs converse Vans and Converse are both brands of shoes. Vans and Converses have many similarities but they also both have many differences. Both brands come in many different colors and patterns. They also both come in many different styles. For example, they both come in slip-ons, lace-ups, and boots. Also both Converse and Vans make shoes for many different activities. For example, Converse makes shoes for Basketball and Cheerleading. Vans make shoes for surfing, skating, skateboarding, BMX, Moto X, and Snowboarding. Last but not least, they both make casual shoes. Some differences between Vans and Converse are sizing and pricing. The Converse sizes are smaller than the actual street shoe you wear. The pricing between Vans and Converse is also different. Converses are more expensive than Vans. Those are just some of the similarities and differences between vans and Converse. Vans vs converse Vans and Converse are both brands of shoes. Vans and Converses have many similarities but they also both have many differences. Both brands come in many different colors and patterns. They also both come in many different styles. For example, they both come in slip-ons, lace-ups, and boots. Also both Converse and Vans make shoes for many different activities. For example, Converse makes shoes for Basketball and Cheerleading. Vans make shoes for surfing, skating, skateboarding, BMX, Moto X, and Snowboarding. Last but not least, they both make casual shoes. Some differences between Vans and Converse are sizing and pricing. The Converse sizes are smaller than the actual street shoe you wear. The pricing between Vans and Converse is also different. Converses are more expensive than Vans. Those are just some of the similarities and differences between vans and Converse. Vans vs converse Vans and Converse are both brands of shoes. Vans and Converses have many similarities but they also both have many differences. Both brands come in many different colors and patterns. They also both come in many different styles. For example, they both come in slip-ons, lace-ups, and boots. Also both Converse and Vans make shoes for many different activities. For example, Converse makes shoes for Basketball and Cheerleading. Vans make shoes for surfing, skating, skateboarding, BMX, Moto X, and Snowboarding. Last but not least, they both make casual shoes. Some differences between Vans and Converse are sizing and pricing. The Converse sizes are smaller than the actual street shoe you wear. The pricing between Vans and Converse is also different. Converses are more expensive than Vans. Those are just some of the similarities and differences between vans and Converse.

Enhancing Customer Experience at McDonalds

Enhancing Customer Experience at McDonalds Summary: A number of researchers have identified a tremendous change and increase in competition and market transparency. However it has been proved that the cost of selling a product to a new customer is much higher than selling the same product to an old customer. There is a growing trend for every organization that exists in the market, to pay increasing attention to the experience of their customers as they interact with the company. In todays competitive market it is clear that delivering the ultimate and world class customer experience will win more customers and retain more customers. In this research I have brought into account the history of McDonalds and eventually how it started growing and at the current stage how it became a restaurant for providing world class service to its customers. I have also mentioned various methods and ways how McDonalds has adopted to achieve this. The way it started its franchising Employee training Management training How their world class customer service increased their sales and maintained customer loyalty. ABSTRACT An abstract of the dissertation of Poonam Arora for Masters in Business Administration: Presented April 2010 Title: Enhancing Customers Experience at McDonalds Todays market is known to be more competitive and customer oriented. The purpose of my study on this topic is to find out how McDonalds enhances its customers values and experiences through various Quality, Service, Cleanliness Values (QSCV) and how McDonalds has achieved this over the years. I have started my dissertation with the History of McDonalds. The purpose of writing the history was to get a perspective of how McDonalds over the years achieved success and increased the number of its customers and customer loyalty. I have also written down how McDonalds, with the help of excellent training, to its staff, and franchising its restaurants, increased its customers in the list and gave them an excellent customer service. I have also tried to gather information on how the management team, marketing team, and staff work together as a team to enhance customers experience at every visit. To conclude with my topic, I have taken 2 sets of interviews, first from the management team of McDonalds, and the second interviews, from the customers themselves. These sets of interviews have given a clear picture of how the different departments of McDonalds work as a team to provide excellent customer service. The other set of interviews helped me to find what and how customers feel about McDonalds. This information has helped me to find out how customers really feel value for their money, and value for wanting to visit McDonalds again and again. To use their catchphrase: â€Å"I am loving it† CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Analyse and define the concept of customer satisfaction and identify the relation between customer experience and customer loyalty Examine the condition under which customer satisfaction has enhanced profitability Promoting loyalty programs along with customer satisfaction and building favourable customer relationships. Evaluate the extent to which â€Å"Customer Experience Marketing†, makes its contribution to McDonalds success and identify key areas where McDonalds outwits its competitors Assess whether enhancing customer experience should form a part of a food industrys overall business strategy. To highlight the difficulties and challenges involved in product offering enhancements SCOPES AND PURPOSE This study examines enhancing customer experience at McDonalds. McDonalds has a short term outlook and is positive as it has responded to consumer demands to broaden its range and variety and it offers exclusive low cost takeaway options for those hit by the recession. McDonalds has worked hard to address its image problem and appeal to a wider range and variety of consumers, offering scope for increased turnover through sales over a period of years. Expansion is planned through developing its existing markets and providing a more exclusive service rather than moving into new territories, with opportunities in emerging economies due to, for example, increased car usage making drive-through restaurants more viable to the people for easy access. Overall, McDonalds has good scope to expand its commercial operations and to engage previously ambivalent segments through broadening its service and offers. CHALLENGES In spite of its great offers and service, McDonalds is still associated in the UK with unhealthy food, an increase in obesity, and jobs without prospects, requiring long term image-building by the organisation. It helps to develop its staff training through nationally recognised diplomas. McDonalds has also been the target of critical books and films which publicise negative aspects of the organisation. The companys ‘healthy options have been criticized by some people, for example the high fat content in salad dressings. Litigations instigated by the organisation have been seen as overly aggressive by the public because of the companys financial power in legal proceedings RATIONAL The interesting perception with qualitative and quantitative thinking with regards to Loyalty to customers in retail and enhancing customers experience has aroused sufficient interest in me to go in for a research into this elusive concept. The most important aspect of the retail business, are the customers. The business should be molded to understand that business depends on customers and not customers on business. Respect involved in this study and value for the customer made me choose this topic. METHODOLOGY In order to approach the above mentioned research objectives, I chose to use both qualitative and quantitative research strategies. Qualitative and quantitative research is applied, both using primary and secondary information that is gathered and assembled specifically for this purpose by the means of survey and interview, which can be found in chapter 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATATION As it says in the McDonalds value statement; â€Å"We will be the best restaurant experience by far! We will be people focused and customer driven passionately! We will inspire people with our can-do attitude always!† McDonalds evolves in its strategic thinking, from being and outstanding food retailer, and an outstanding customer service, to being an information-driven business, constantly searching for different ways and new concepts to act as the value-adding for its customer and making its customer a value-added customers. CHAPTER 2 LITRATURE REVIEW INDUSTRY OVERVIEW The Fast Food Industry is another name of Quick service restaurant, food that can be cooked and served very quickly means Fast Food Industry. The Term fast food was recognised by Merriam-Webster in the year 1951. Such types of restaurants must have a balance between the flow of the food and the expected numbers of customers. This helps to avoid discarding the food after time, also helps in better customer satisfaction by providing them quick and easy service, as the customers, is the whole point of the business. Outlets may be stands or kiosks, which may provide no shelter or seating, in other words it can be a eat-in or take-away one or fast food restaurants (also known as quick service restaurants). Every franchises operations which are part of restaurant chains have standardized foodstuffs delivered to each restaurant from central locations. The fast food restaurants industry includes about 200,000 restaurants on an average with combined annual revenue of about $120 billion, major companies include McDonalds, Burger King, Subway, Pizza Hut and KFC. According to National Restaurant Association (NRA) a typical fast food restaurant on an average can generate $670,000 and a franchised fast food restaurant can generate $1 to $2 million annually. A 2008 research was conducted worldwide for counting the number of fast food restaurants owned per person. The UK has claimed this title with Australia as second and the United States on third. England alone accounted for 25% of all fast food restaurants. The UKs overall fast food industry has benefited from the recession, with the sector increasing its presence by more than 8% in the last year, research has found. While the leisure sector on a whole has seen a closure rate of 10%, fast food restaurants in the UKs top 10 cities have risen by 8.2% to more than 1,450, according to a sur vey by market analyst the Local Research Company. Products, Operations Technology Most Fast Food restaurants specialize in a few main dish categories, including hamburgers, cheeseburgers, chickens, milkshakes, pizza/pasta, Mexican food, Asian food or some other snacks. Among the major fast food chains hamburger restaurants cover almost 50 per cent of the market. Fast food restaurants include National and regional chains, franchises and independent operators. Most fast food restaurants have a food preparation area which adheres to health and safety, hygiene and food safety policy, dining area, car park lot, drive-thru also some restaurants may have childrens play area. History of McDonalds The McDonalds concept was first introduced in Saint Bernardino, California by Dick and Dude Macdonald at Manchester at New Hampshire. Their business partner, Ray Kroc, of Oak Park, Illinois, modified and expanded their business. He later got out the business interests of the two McDonalds brothers in the concept and found McDonalds Corporation 1927: Two brothers Dick McDonald and Mac McDonald opened a hamburger stand in Monrovia, California called â€Å"The Airdrome† at the airport. 1940: McDonalds Bar-B-Que opens. Two brothers Dick and Mac McDonald opened the Bar-B-Que restaurant at The Airdrome building 40 miles from San Bernardino, California, U.S. on Route number 66, at the 14th and E St., on 15th May 1940. It had features of a large menu. Its menu consisted of 25 items, mostly barbecue. They employed around 20 carhops. It became popular and with huge profit and a hangout place for teenager, which was directed Eric VanDemark. 1948: Two brothers then realized they earn maximum in fact all of their profits from hamburgers, the brothers then decided to close the restaurant for three months for implementation of their innovative idea of, â€Å"Speedee Service System†, a streamlined assembly line for hamburgers. The restaurant then opened in December that year and with absolutely new features. There were no more carhops, they all were fired, and when the new concept restaurant reopened it sold only hamburgers, cheeseburgers, soft drinks, milkshakes, coffee potato chips and slices of pie. At the price of 15 cents, the burgers were almost about half price as it was at standard diners, and they were served quickly. The restaurant achieved its fame and became extremely successful, and it spread by word of mouth. 1949: in 1949 world famous French Fries was introduced. French Fries replaced Potato chips. Also, the triple thick milkshake made a debut in the same year. 1953: Multimixer salesman Ray Kroc visited McDonalds in San Bernardino with the clear intention of selling more multimixers(a machine that makes milk-shakes) to these two brothers. Ray Kroc was very much fascinated with the operation and learnt that the two brothers were looking for a nationwide franchising agent; he also learnt that his profitable future would be in Hamburgers. McDonalds began to franchise its restaurants, with Neil Fox the first ever franchisee. The second McDonalds opened in Phoenix, Arizona at N.Central Ave. Special about it was that, this was the first restaurant to feature the Golden Arches design; later in the same year i.e. 1953 McDonalds original restaurant in San Bernardino was torn and was rebuilt in the same style. 1953: McDonalds third franchise restaurant opens in Saginaw, Michigan at the corner of State Street and N. Center Road, it was rebuilt in the year 2006 but was at the same location since opening, and it was directed by Silvia Gonzales 1953: McDonalds fourth franchise restaurant opened, in Downey in California at Lakewood Blvd and Florence Avenue, which is known to be the oldest McDonalds restaurant in operation. 1954: The milkshake-mixer salesman Ray Kroc was fascinated by the McDonalds restaurant during his sales visit; he found the first day overall sales visit was $316.12. He learnt the extraordinary capacity and its popularity. There were many others who had visited the restaurant and were inspired are James McLamore, founder of Burger King, and Glen Bell, founder of Taco Bell. After finding the restaurant in operation, Kroc approached the two brothers, who had already started franchising, with a proposition on letting him to franchise McDonalds restaurants outside the companys home base of Arizona and California, with himself to be the first franchisee. Ray Kroc worked hard to sell McDonalds. He even tried to prevail on his old acquaintance with the man Walt Disney, but unfortunately his hope of opening a McDonalds at the soon-to-be-opened Disneyland failed. Ray Krocs first ever franchised restaurant, which was the tenth-ever location was rebuilt twice in Fresno, California. 1955: â€Å"McDonalds Systems, Inc.† on 2nd March 1955, was found by Ray Kroc, which was a legal structure for his planned franchises. Ray Kroc opened his ninth McDonalds restaurant on 15th April 1955 in Des Plaines, Illinois, in suburban Chicago. 1956: Ray Kroc hired Fred Turner, CEO and Chairman, as a grill man in his store in Des Plaines, Illinois. Fred Turner soon became head of the McDonalds operation defining the quality, service and cleanliness for the restaurant. 1958: McDonalds got a great achievement in its hamburger business, by selling its 100 millionth hamburger 1959: Very soon it got another great achievement, in opening the 100th McDonalds restaurant in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. 1959: McDonalds started billboard advertising. 1960: Krocs company was renamed as â€Å"McDonalds Corporation†. 1961: The two brothers agreed to sell Kroc their business rights to operate for $2.7 million, Kroc borrowed money from a number of investors, including Princeton University; Kroc considered the sum extreme, which strained his relationship with the brothers. In a handshake agreement with Kroc, the two brothers would also receive a royalty of 1% on the gross sales. At the closing table of this handshake agreement the Ray was told by the two brothers, that they were giving the real estate and rights to the original unit to the founding employees. Ray Kroc closed the transaction, and then he refused to give the royalty portion of the agreement because it wasnt in writing. The two brothers then decided to keep their original restaurant; they failed to retain the right to remain a McDonalds franchise and were forced to rename it as â€Å"The Big M†. Ray Kroc opened his own McDonalds just one block in north. 1961: Hamburger University was opened in this year in the basement of the Elk Grove Village, Illinois. 1962: McDonalds published its first national magazine advertisement in Life magazine. 1962: This was the first ever restaurant which have a seating facility. The first ever McDonalds restaurant which has seating opened in Denver, Colorado. 1963: Advertising McDonalds hamburgers to families and childrens, was one of Krocs marketing thoughts. John Gibson and Oscar Goldstein, franchisees from Washington D.C. named as Gee-Gee Distributing Corporation they sponsored a childrens show on WRC-TV called Bozo the Clown, Willard Scott, who played franchised character from 1959 until 1962. Soon after the show was cancelled, Franchise Oscar Goldstein hired Scott to portray McDonalds new mascot, named Ronald McDonald. After changing its characters first name to â€Å"Ronald† and replacing Scott with a new actor, and giving him the more familiar red, white, and yellow clown features, the character eventually became popular to the rest of the country through an advertising campaign. 1963: The world famous Filet-O-Fish was introduced in Cincinnati, Ohio, in a restaurant located in a neighborhood dominated by Roman Catholics where meat was avoided on Fridays. It went nationally the following year, with fish supplied by Gortons of Gloucester. 1963: McDonalds sold its one billionth Hamburgers. 1963: McDonalds opened its 500th McDonalds restaurant in Toledo, Ohio. 1964: First annual report was issued by McDonalds. 1965: This was the year when McDonalds celebrated its 10th Anniversary with the first public stock offering at $22.50 per share. 1966: Ronald McDonald appears in his first national television commercial. He appeared on his flying hamburger in 35 one minute color spot on the NBC and CBS networks. He got wide TV exposure in the year 1966 at Macys Thanksgiving parade. Ronald McDonald was an instant hit. 1967: The first McDonalds international restaurant outside the United States opened in Canada and Puerto Rico. Today with the success ladder it is proudly open for business in 118 countries around the world. 1968: The Big Mac was first introduced by Jim Delligatti, one of Ray Krocs earliest franchisees, in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania market in 1967. The Hot Apple Pie is also introduced this year. 1968: The achievement of opening 1000th McDonalds restaurant in Des Plaines, Illinois. 1969: McDonalds decided to change its logo, the massive logo change and remodeling of restaurant did away with the old red and white buildings and more emphasis was placed on the ever-more-famous Golden Arches. 1971: Hamburglar, Grimace,Mayor McCheese, Captain Crook and the Big Mac join Ronald McDonald in McDonaldland. 1971: Asias first McDonalds opened in July in Japan, in Tokyos Ginza district. 1971: On 21st August, the first European McDonalds outlet opened, in Zaandam (near Amsterdam) in the Netherlands. The franchisee was called as ‘Ahold. 1971: The first McDonalds in Germany (Munich) opened in December. This was the first McDonalds to sell alcohol, as it offers beer. 1971: The first Australian McDonalds opened in Sydney suburbs of Yagoona in December the same year. 1972: McDonalds generated $1 billion in sales from 2200 restaurants. An amazing and early-1970s McDonalds sign in Austin, Minnesota, which displayed the number of burgers sold. From the year 1969, the number on its board was displayed in billions, which increased with every 5 billion. In 1993, the signs of this era were changed to display 99 billion permanently. 1972: In Des Plaines, Illinois McDonalds opened its 2000th restaurant 1972: In Strasbourg, France McDonalds opened its first restaurant. 1973: McDonalds opens its first Swedish restaurant in Stockholm, Sweden, 23rd October. 1973: The Quarter Pounder and Quarter Pounder with cheese was introduced to the menu. 1973: McDonalds opened its first every Playland in Chula Vista, California 1974: McDonalds opens its first restaurant in the United Kingdom on October 12th in Woolwich, southeast London. This was companys 3000th restaurant. 1974: McDonalds opens its first Ronald McDonald House in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 1973, Fred Hill, a football player with the Philadelphia Eagles, had the need for such a facility at childrens hospital in Philadelphia, where his child was being teated for Leukemia. Hills dilemma led to the first Ronald McDonald house. 1975: The Egg McMuffin, was introduced to the menu by owner and operator of Santa Barbara franchise, Herb Peterson. 1975: The first McDonalds in Salverland open in Bay City on Mayteon Street on July 2. 1975: McDonalds introduced its drive thru in January in 1976: McDonalds paid its first cash dividend. 1977: First McDonalds All American High School Basketball Team is selected. The roster included former NBA superstar Earvin Magic Johnson. They played against the capital All Stars team chosen from Washington, D.C./Maryland/Virginia area in the McDonalds Capital Classic. 1978: McDonalds restaurant opens its 5000th restaurant in Kanagawa, Japan. 1978: McDonalds celebrated the graduation of its 15,000th student in Hamburger University 1979: The Happy Meal was introduced in the U.S. with a circus wagon theme. 1979: McDonalds opens its first restaurant in Southeast Asia, in Singapore. 1980: McDonalds introduced its first poultry item, the famous McChicken sandwich. It flops, and was removed from the menu, but was later reintroduced after the success of Chicken McNuggets. Chicken McNuggets became successful by early-1983. 1980: McDonalds restaurant opens its 6000th restaurant in Munich, Germany. 1980: McDonald celebrates its Silver (25th) Anniversary. 1981: McDonalds opened its first restaurant in the Philippines, in Morayta, Manila. 1982: McDonalds opens its first branch in Malaysia, at Jalan Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur. 1983: This was the year when McDonald opens in 32 Countries worldwide. There are 7,778 restaurants at the end of the year. 1984: This was the year of the great loss. Ray Kroc, founder and Chairman of the Board of McDonalds, died on 14th January 1984. 1985: on April 15, McDonalds celebrate its 30th year of operation. 1985: McDonalds opened its first restaurant in Italy, Bolzano. 1985: McDonalds opened its first restaurant in Mexico City, Mexico. 1987: Freshly tossed salads were added to McDonalds menu on May 15. 1987: On August 12, a Piper Cheyenne, which started in Augsburg, Germany, the plane crashed into the McDonalds restaurant in the Wasserburger Landstrasse. Fourteen people died in the incident: 4 in the plane, 3 on the street or in a bus, which was also struck by the plane, and 7 in the restaurant. The McDonalds has since been rebuilt. 1988: McDonalds opened its first restaurant in a communist country, in Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia). Budapest, Hungary follows in the same year. McDonalds in Saint Petersburg, Russia A McDonalds in a Toronto, Ontario, Canada Wal-Mart store. McDonalds in Barcelona, Spain McDonalds in Sanya, Hainan (China). This one was the soft drink/ice cream stand. First McDonalds restaurant in Zamboanga City, Philippines which opened on February 28, 2005 1990: 31st January 1990, the first Soviet McDonalds opened, in Moscow. At the time it was the largest ever McDonalds in the world. In this year many other McDonalds restaurants opened in Eastern Europe. 1990: In October 1990, the first McDonalds restaurant opened in mainland China, in the city and Special Economic Zone (SEZ) of Shenzhen, Guangdong province. 1992: McDonalds restaurant opened in Warsaw, Poland, breaking a record of opening day sales. 1992: The first McDonalds opened in Africa, in Casablanca, Morocco. 1992: Derek Wood, an employee of McDonalds, and his two friends robbed a McDonalds in Sydney River, Nova Scotia, killing three and severely injuring another. 1992: On 23rd April 1992, the worlds largest McDonalds opened in Beijing, China (over 700 seats). 1992: The fried apple pie was replaced with a baked apple pie (fried pies can still be found today in some restaurants) 1993: The Company launched its first sea-going restaurant aboard the Finnish cruise ferry Silja Europa, sailing between Helsinki and Stockholm. 1994: McDonalds was given Catalyst Award in honor of their program to foster leadership development in women. 1995: The new advertising theme came into picture â€Å"Have You Had Your Break Today?† 1995: McDonalds launched the Arch Deluxe sandwich with a massive advertisement campaign, but was discontinued due to its failure. 1995: McDonalds opened its first restaurant in South Africa. 1996: McDonalds Corporate Internet siteMcDonalds.com was launched. 1996: McDonalds opened its first restaurant in Belarus, marking its chains of 100th country 1996: The first McDonalds opened in India. 1997: The McFlurry (Ice-cream in a cup) was invented by a Canadian franchisee. 1998: Jack M. Greenberg succeeds Michael R. Quinlan as CEO. 1999: McDonalds opened its first Restaurant in Tbilisi, Georgia in Eastern Europe. Jack Greenberg was elevated to Chairman and CEO. 2000: Eric Schlosser published Fast Food Nation, a book critical of fast food in general and McDonalds in particular. 2000: The Company opened its 1000th British restaurant, inside the Millennium Dome. 2001: McDonalds new premiere lettuce and tomato Big N Tasty sandwich launches on February 16. 2002: McDonalds was ranked 15th by a survey in Restaurants and Institutions magazine in food quality among hamburger chains, highlighting the companys failure to enforce standards across its franchise network. 2002: McDonalds posts the companys first quarterly loss ($344m), for the last quarter of 2002. It responds to the tough competition from other fast-food restaurants, which offered higher quality burgers and more variety, by attempting to move more up market and by expanding its menu and refitting restaurants. It announced it is withdrawing from three countries (including Bolivia) and closing 175 underperforming restaurants. 2002: McDonalds this year opened the first of 2 corporate stores in Lincoln, Nebraska to test concept restaurant called â€Å"3N1†. The concept incorporated a â€Å"Sandwich Platter† casual dining area, a â€Å"bakery and ice cream† area featuring gourmet coffees, and a traditional McDonalds into one building. The second store was launched approximately six months later. The concept was spearheaded by Tom Ryan, who was Executive Vice President and Chief Concept Officer at the time. The concept was abandoned in less than a year, and Ryan left McDonalds to join Quiznos Sub. 2003: McDonalds premium salads were added to the menu. 2003: James Richard Cantalupo was elected as the Chairman and Chief Operating Officer (CEO), succeeding Jack M. Greenberg. Just prior to assuming his post Cantalupo shuts down Project Innovate, a global consulting project that had already spent $170 million of a projected 5-year budget of $1.2 billion. 2003: McDonalds started a global marketing campaign which promotes a new healthier and higher-quality image. The campaign was tagged as â€Å"Im Lovin It† and started simultaneously in more than 100 countries around the world. 2003: A market research firm, Technomic, researched that McDonalds share of the U.S. market had fallen down by three percentage points in five years and was at 15.2%. 2003: A $126M USD loss was reported for the fourth quarter. 2003: McDonalds added their premium salads, the McGriddles and the chicken selects to the menu. 2004: Happy Meals celebrates its 25th year from 1979-2004. 2004: Morgan Spurlock directs and stars in Super Size Me documentary film in which he ate nothing but McDonalds food for 30 days to the great detriment of his health. 2004: After the release of the film â€Å"Super Size Me†, McDonalds did away with their Supersize options. 2004: Chairman and CEO Jim Cantalupo died at the age of 60 in his hotel room of an heart attack while attending the annual franchisee convention in Las Vegas, Nevada on April 19. A 30-year veteran of the organization, Cantalupo had previously served as President and CEO of McDonalds International. He was credited with introducing the premium salad line and reformulating Chicken McNuggets to include leaner, all-white meat. Andrew J. McKenna, Sr., a prominent Chicago businessman and a McDonalds director, is elected Nonexecutive Chairman and Charlie Bell of Sydney, Australia was elected President and CEO of McDonalds Corporation. A month later Bell was diagnosed with colorectal cancer during a physical exam required for his new post and passes away in January the following year. Like retired chairman and former CEO Fred L. Turner, Bell started his McDonalds career as a crew member. He was promoted frequently, serving as the corporations Chief Operating Officer and as President of both M cDonalds Europe and of the Asia/Pacific, Middle East and Africa Group. (APMEA) 2005: Jim Skinner was elected President and CEO. Skinner started his McDonalds career as a trainee restaurant manager at a McDonalds in Carpentersville, Illinois in 1971 after serving nearly ten years with the US Navy. 2005: McDonalds experiments with call centers for drive-through orders. 2005: McDonalds celebrated its wonderful 50th Anniversary 2005: Owing in part to competitive pressure, McDonalds Australia adopts â€Å"Made for you† cooking platform in which the food was prepared from pre-cooked meat after the customer orders (as opposed to the firms normal procedure since 1948, in which the food was cooked then sold as needed). The practice had earlier been tested, and abandoned, in the U.S. 2005: McDonalds in Singapore started their McDelivery service: customers placed their orders over the phone, and it was delivered to the customers wherever they were. The service was available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. 2005: McDonalds opened a Wi-Fi service in some restaurants with Nintendo for Nintendo DS. 2005: Ronald McDonald got a leaner, and a sportier look. 2006: The snack wrap was introduced to the menu. 2006: McDonalds announced that it will include nutritional information on the packaging for all products beginning from March and that its upcoming menu changes will emphasize chicken, salads, and other â€Å"fresh foods† rather than just hamburgers. 2006: McDonalds and Disney ended their 10 year promotional partnership. Split allegedly with a mutual understanding although the generally accepted reasons was that, McDonalds no longer saw any benefit from being with one studio; due to the increased competition from other studios, as well as having to promote flop films, and Disney no longer wanted to be associated with a company so strongly tied to childhood obesity. 2006: McDonalds started their â€Å"forever young† branding by redesigning their restaurants. 2007: The 42-ounce super-size soda was reintroduced under the new name Hugo. 2007: McDonalds introduced its new packaging features 24 faces from first-ever global casting call. 2008: McDonalds introduced the McSkillet burrito. This larger breakfast which consists of scramble eggs, red green bell peppers, onions, potatoes, salsa and sausage wrapped in a flour tortilla. Later in the year, Chicken was added. 2008: The Chicken Biscuit and the Southern Style Chicken Sandwich was introduced. 2008: In November, McDonalds started phasing in new designs for their containers. They also introduced a new menu board designed that featured warmer, darker colors, more realistic photos with the food on plates and drinks in glasses. 2009: Lattes, Cappuccinos ad Mochas were added to the menu on May 5. 2009: McDonalds introduced its three versions of Angus Burgers. 2009: McDonalds in Papakura, New Zealand had opened it first car wash in the Country named a UWASH 2009: Nickname â€Å"Dub† was given to the McDouble

Mystery and Suspense in Heart of Darkness :: Heart Darkness essays

Mystery and Suspense in Heart of Darkness      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It seems like everywhere there is something in life that seems to be left behind.   In the books I read about mystery or suspense, this always seems to be the case in such.   The Heart of Darkness draws me into such depths of suspense and unknown that seem to associate with my life.         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This whole book is full of mysteries.   Marlow has a heart that is full of mystery when he is stuck in Africa, and looking for a man named Kurtz.   Marlow is waiting, he learns about where the place is at, what could be coming ahead. Maybe he was just acquiring some ideas of what was ahead, or who he would be working with.   Why is all this senselessness happening around him?         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marlow is enthralled with mystery.   You wouldn't think that somebody would be simply crazy to go and take a trip down the Congo river.   He has heard some aspects about the place, and the way it seems to suck the visitors in.   All the people getting diseases.   One would go insane there, so why?   Why would he want to go do this?   Again, it's full of mystery, and that makes an interesting book.         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kurtz, with this person, I can not express how much mystery applies to him and his personality.   People haven't heard from him for quite a long time, because he is up the river from the station where Marlow is at.   People are wanting the boss, and they're getting restless.   Is Kurtz, sick?   Could one of these people get a new promotion in their job?   The people don't want Marlow to go explore up the river a ways and kind Kurtz, suppling him with help that he might need.   And yet, Marlow needs Kurtz.         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Yet, there is the mystery of the Congo river.   It has a way with the people that come into it and try to explore it's orgins.   It seems to drag you in, and not let you go.   All of this, because they were curious and brave.   But not all brave men will make it through this jungle that the Congo river lays on.

Free College Essays - The Virtue of Truth in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

The Scarlet Letter - The Virtue of Truth The virtue of truth and the evil of secret sin are clearly illustrated in the novel, The Scarlet Letter, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. The three main characters in this novel display their own honesty and sins. Hester Prynne exhibits the essence of truth and pride when she bravely faces the humiliation of the scaffold. In chapter 17, when Hester apologizes to Dimmesdale about concealing Chillingworth’s identity, she says, â€Å"In all things else, I have striven to be true! Truth was the one virtue which I might have held, and did hold fast, through all extremity†¦A lie is never good, even though death threaten on the other side (pg. 202)!† It is Hester’s pride, which sustains her from the beginning of the novel to the end, when she dies, still sporting the scarlet A on her bosom. Hester’s sin is the sin which gives the book its title and around which the action of the book resolves. Adultery, which was prohibited by the Seventh Amendment, was usually punished by death. A woman in the crowd stated, â€Å"At the very least, they should have put the brand of a hot iron on Hester Prynne’s forhead†¦She may cover it (the scarlet letter) with a brooch, or such like heathenish adornment, and so walk the streets as brave as ever (pg. 53)!† Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale shows truth by his occupation. People living in Boston, Massachusetts looked up to and respected Dimmesdale because he was a minister. One of his sins was his inability to publicly acknowledge that he committed adultery with Hester and that he is the father of Pearl, Hester’s daughter. However, adultery was not his biggest sin. His biggest sin is hypocrisy. In chapter ten, he speaks of the concealment of his sins, he says, â€Å"It may be that they are kept silent by the very constistution of their nature. Or-can we not suppose it-guilty as they may be, retaining, nevertheless, a zeal for God’s glory and man’s welfare†¦no evil of the past be redeemed by better service (pg. 137).† While trying to conceal his sins, they take over his conscience and literally confess themselves during his acts of madness. The third main character, Roger Chillingworth, is a pretty innocent man in the beginning of this book. He comes to America to be reunited with his wife, Hester, but soon comes to find out that she has committed adultery.

Comparing Confucianism and Christianity Essay -- Christianity Confuciu

Comparing Confucianism and Christianity The premise of Confucian teachings are centered around the idea of Jen or the  ³virtue of humanity (Ching 68). ² To accomplish this divinity, five relationships must be honored: ruler and minister, father and son, husband and wife, elder and younger brother, and friend and friend (Hopfe). These relationships led a push for a revolution of the political system to adopt the methods of Jen. Confucius sought to revive the ancient Chinese culture by redefining the importance of society and government. He described a society governed by  ³reasonable, humane, and just sensibilities, not by the passions of individuals arbitrarily empowered by hereditary status ² (Clearly). He felt that this could be achieved through education and the unification of cultural beliefs. He believed that a nation would be benefited by citizens that were  ³ cultivated people whose intellects and emotions had been developed and matured by conscious people ² (Clearly). He felt that those born into the feudal system were had a personal duty to excel socially by means of power. Those who were of lesser class should also seek out education to better themselves. All purposes for betterment of man and society as one whole is known as Li. Li means  ³the rationalized social order ² (Yutang). Confucius felt that love and respect for authority was a key to a perfect society; this strict respect was practiced through rituals and magic (Smith). The Confucius traditions have caused a tradition to set within its institution and is extremely active. It has, unfortunately, allowed the political institution to manipulate the Confucius system. As with Christianity. Christianity also preaches a divine, brotherly love. Modern Christianity seeks to discover a  ³rational understanding of the person ² as did Confucius (Ess ed. 381); yet, Christianity feels that faith in the Jesus Christ as a personal savior is essential to this enlightenment. It was also under the guise of Christianity that it had to confront totalitarian systems  ³[dehumanize] uses of power in its sphere of influence (state and church, and [these] systems triumphed under the banner of de-Christianization (Ess ed. 384). Unlike Confucius reformers of their corrupt state pushed the beliefs of the true ideals of Confucius, Christians believed in an  ³Absolute against all absolvi... ...942. Hughes, E. R. and K. Religion in China. Hutchinson's University Library, London; 1950. Kelen, Betty. Confucius: In Life and Legend. Thomas Nelson INC., New York; 1971. King. Hans and ed. Christianity and the World Religions. Doubleday, New York; 1986 McCuen., Gary E. The Religious Right. Hudson, Wisconsin; 1989. O'Briare, S. J. Fifty Years of Chinese Garment. Lutterworth Press, London; 1951. Siu, R. G. H. The Man of Many Qualities: A Legacy of the I Ching. Smith, Huston. The Religions of Man. Harper & Row, New York; 1958 Smith, Howard. Confucius. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York; 1973 Soper, Edmund Davison. The Religions of Mankind. Abingdon Press, New York; 1966. Toynbee, Arnold. Christianity Among the Religions of the World. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York; 1957 Weber, Max. The Religion of China. The Free Press, New York; 1951. Wieger, L. History of Religious Belief and Philosophical Opinions in China. Catholic Mission, Hsein-sein, China; 1927. Yang, C. K. Religion in Chinese Society. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles; 1961. Yutang, Lin. The Wisdom of Confucius. The Modern library, New York; 1938.

Thirteen Ways of Self-Questioning

Thirteen Ways of Self-Questioning The poem â€Å"Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird† is written by Wallace Stevens. It contains thirteen sections; each section provides us a picture that is centered by the element of blackbird. Blackbird in the poem signifies people’s consciousness. So this poem wants to tell us that every person has a perspective to look at the world. It questions our process of thought to understand the world, and reminds us realize the problem of it. In â€Å"The Language of Paradox† by Cleanth Brooks, he introduces the notion of paradox and its application in poetry.In Stevens’ poem we can also find how he uses the device of paradox to raise the question for many times, and also the use of paradox leads us to reconsider our thought. Stevens displays several common understanding in human being. According to Brooks’ viewpoint, â€Å"Our prejudices force us to regard paradox as intellectual rather than emotional, clever rathe r than profound, rational rather than divinely irrational† (Brooks 58). The first section is an introduction of the whole poem: â€Å"Among twenty snowy mountains, / The only moving thing / Was the eye of the blackbird† (I).This is to tell us the nature is huge, but with it the only existence that is conscious about it is human consciousness. Twenty snowy mountains stand for the broad natural environment, but they are still and seem lifeless. Then he transferred the focus to the eye of the blackbird which is the only moving thing. Stevens uses â€Å"the† instead of â€Å"a† when he refers to blackbird because he wants to make it very clear that he refers it particular to human’s consciousness.In section twelve, he says â€Å"The river is moving. / The blackbird must be flying† (XII). This section responds to section one, because he uses the modifiers â€Å"moving† and â€Å"flying† in two sections respectively to express the sam e notion that our consciousness is changing over time. Cleanth Brooks describes paradox this way: â€Å"Paradox is the language of sophistry, hard bright, witty† (Brooks 58). In Stevens’ poem, in order to make readers realize the problem in the process of our thought.He narrates: â€Å"It was evening all afternoon. / It was snowing / And it was going to snow / The blackbird sat / In the cedar-limbs† (XIII). Afternoon is before evening, but he says â€Å"it was evening all afternoon†. This should signify a passive attitude to life. Evening is the time that near to death in people’s lives, and he tells us even during the afternoon which is their declining period someone already live in the status of evening. It’s a typical instance of paradox in the last section of the poem.The language seems contradictory and not logical, but actually it is to draw our attention to the awareness of our thought. â€Å"It was snowing / And it was going to snow † shows us people’s foresight through their experience and observation of nature. So Stevens put the result before the foresight. After that he refers to the blackbird sat still in the cedar-limbs to indicate that in people’s old age the consciousness is not as active as its youth time. However, the experience we get in the whole life becomes precious possession and provides us the insight.The last section has a relation with section two: â€Å"I was of three minds, / Like a tree / In which there are three blackbirds† (II). The blackbirds in the tree always refer to our minds. So I am a tree, and I have three minds which are represented by three birds. In this section, Stevens probably suggest the three levels of people’s mind according to Freud’s â€Å"Id, ego and super-ego† theory. In section four, Stevens says: â€Å"A man and a woman / Are one. / A man and a woman and a blackbird / Are one† (IV). This is another application of paradox.In â€Å"The Language of Paradox†, when Brooks analysis Wordsworth’s poem he says â€Å"It is not my intention to exaggerate Wordsworth's own consciousness of the paradox involved† (Brooks 60). Here we really can dig out how the narrator maybe unconsciously applies the paradox. When we say two or more than two distinct existents are one, it obviously sounds not acceptable and will bring a consideration of this idea especially when we partly repeat the narrative but add another subject at the second time. Section four might try to discuss some religious thought in this world.He suggests every human being, no matter man or woman, is from one source. As objective existence, we and our consciousness are all developed from one. In this poem, Stevens applies paradox through both audible and visible experiences. Brooks suggests: â€Å"But I am not here interested in enumerating the possible variations; I am interested rather in our seeing that the paradoxes spring from the very nature of the poet's language: it is a language in which the connotations play as great a part as the denotations† (Brooks 61).From a broader vision, we may find the mastery of paradox language by Stevens via analysis of his work. In section five, he narrates: â€Å"I do not know which to prefer, / The beauty of inflections / Or the beauty of innuendoes, / The blackbird whistling / Or just after† (V). When the blackbird is whistling, there is a beauty of inflections along with it, but just after that we will see the beauty of innuendoes. Here the blackbird signifies the poem.While we are reading or reciting the poem, the pronunciation is similar to inflections of bird because of the rhythms and structure. Nevertheless, after reading it we can realize the innuendoes implied from it. A good poem is not only to let readers enjoy its inflections, but also cause us to rethink in our mind. Moreover, this section has a interesting connection with section eight. Similarly, the narrator refers to accents and rhythms to suggest the composition and recitation of the poem which creates the audible enjoyment for readers.Then he tells us his thought is also inescapable involved into the poem. Those two sections provide us how Stevens applies paradox with our sensory from hearing. Moreover, he creates the metaphor from visual aspect. Brooks states that â€Å"I have said that even the apparently simple and straightforward poet is forced into paradoxes by the nature of his instrument† (Brooks 62). We can see this situation in section eleven where the narrator describes a picture which jumps into our imagination: â€Å"He rode over Connecticut / In a glass coach. Once, a fear pierced him, / In that he mistook / The shadow of his equipage / For blackbirds† (XI). The phrase â€Å"In a glass coach† tells us he is in a fragile status, and more than that glass is transparent. An illusion of blackbirds reflects his fearful emoti on. Section three is another example of usage in this sensory respect. The narrator says â€Å"The blackbird whirled in the autumn winds. / It was a small part of the pantomime† (III). It begins with the only image of the blackbird that is overwhelmed by autumn winds.He sketches a close-up of the blackbird, and then tells us it is a small part of the pantomime. This enlarges our vision from close-up to the panorama, and indicates us that the blackbird is just a symbol of our life which is always out of control and encounters uncertainty. Brooks suggests that â€Å"there is a sense in which paradox is the language appropriate and inevitable to poetry. It is the scientist whose truth requires a language purged of every trace of paradox; apparently the truth which the poet utters can be approached only in terms of paradox† (Brooks 58).In Wallace Stevens’ â€Å"Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird†, he actually displays thirteen types of interpretation fro m which people develop their understanding of consciousness. The application of paradox provides the poem a further explanation of the theme. Through the usage of the symbolic technique and various aspects of sensory, the narrator discusses different levels of social and cultural thought. The most important function of paradox in this poem is to arouse people’s awareness of our consciousness and the ability to question our inherent understanding of our thought.

Barney: Responding Essay

1. Between the journal entries from September 10th and 11th, the rat has trapped the scientist by biting the rope while he was in the well, so he is either dead or alive at the bottom of the well. 2. Tayloe was fired because of poison trails leading up to Barney’s dish, and in the scientist’s point of view, Tayloe tried to kill the rat because he thought he was getting too smart. The scientist rationalized on this thinking that this was under the influence of alcohol, that the life on the island was too much for him, and that he lost his guinea pigs. 3. The real cause for the dismissal was because the rat tricked the scientist into firing him, by placing poison trails leading up to his dish. Barney needed to get rid of Tayloe for two reasons. The first is Tayloe said Barney was getting too smart, so he was worried he would try and kill him. The second is that Barney was already plotting to kill the scientist, and it would be much easier to do so with Tayloe gone. Foreshadowing of the surprise ending was â€Å"He denied it. Who else then? †This would make you think of who would have actually tried to poison Barney of the two of them, even though it was neither. 4. One sample of irony in the second last paragraph is â€Å"I have now replaced that section or rope and arranged some old sacking beneath it to prevent recurrence of the accident. † This is ironic because the scientist believed the rope was weathering because of the edge of the masonry, and in trying to fix the problem, he arranged sacking underneath the rope. But this will do no good, as the rat was biting the rope, and later gets him trapped in the well with the same strategy. In the same paragraph, another sample of irony is â€Å"Perhaps I should fix myself a sandwich as I may be down there longer than seems likely at the moment. † This is ironic because the scientist thinks he will be in the well longer than he hopes. But little does he know, he will be down there for the rest of his short life. In the final paragraph, third sample of irony is â€Å"I sprayned my wrist is why this is written so bad. †This is very ironic because this is the rat pretending to be the scientist so that nothing is fishy. But a sprained wrist doesn’t affect spelling, may just slur a few words. 5. ? 6. The story is written in journal form because it has to have time between each paragraph. For example, there has to be a gap between the second last and last journal entry, for the point of view to change (scientist to rat). 7. Well, the reultz of my experimentt argh complete. The ratt turned very very smart. The end.

Criminal Justice Trends Paper Essay

In this paper I will be evaluating past, present, and future trends pertaining to the corrections system. There are many different trends that correctional facilities have used in the past and these trends have continued on to modern day and maybe will continue on into the future. As part of my evaluation I will identify and analyze past, current and future issues facing the corrections system today and also I will discuss the budgetary and managerial impact that future trends will likely have not only on the corrections system, but also on the other components of the criminal justice system like law enforcement and the court system. Trends of Corrections In the past before there were prisons and jails the punishment of crimes were cruel and dangerous. Some of the punishments in the past included flogging, mutilation, branding, public humiliation, or exile. Today our correctional facilities focus on rehabilitating criminals so that they can be functional in society; one of the ways that is pursued is through community based corrections to save costs instead of housing an inmate. Community based corrections is used as an alternative to being locked up, this is also cost effective rather than housing them in prison or jail because they foot the bill. Community based corrections is known as parole, probation, house arrest, or electronic monitoring. Community based corrections is a privilege and there are many rules that need to be followed, and if they disobey any of the rules the get sent back to prison or jail. Currently we have a bill that passed in California called AB 109 and it was passed to release many inmates to lower the overpopulation of inmates and the end rising costs to house an inmate. â€Å"The state expects to reduce the prison inmate population by about 14,000 in 2011-2012 and approximately 40,000 upon full implementation in 2014-2015. The state estimates that these reductions will result in a state savings of about $453 million in 2011-2012 and up to $1.5 billion upon full implementation.† (Taylor, 2011). This assembly bill will just create a future problem though, when all these inmates get released out into the communities most of them will end up back in prison. According to the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation the recidivism rate of inmates that were returned back into a correctional facility within three years was 63.7% and the other 36.3% were successful three years out of prison. AB 109 will not decrease the inmate population that largely in the long run according to those statistics. The bill will also increase the caseloads on probation officers, making it harder to keep a good eye on all inmates roaming in the communities, allowing them to reoffend put the problem back in the hands of law enforcement. Issues Facing the Criminal Justice System The current issues facing prisons are they are being over crowded, and they are too expensive to manage. Assembly Bill AB 109 tries to alleviate the problems of over crowding but I believe that it is a short-term solution because of the recidivism rate. Alternate correction systems would reduce costs to the state, and maybe even be more affective than jail or prison time. There are alternatives to jail and prison like we discussed earlier, but those are all state funded. In the future maybe there will be programs funded by organizations that want to help rehabilitate criminals or they make the criminal pay for their services. Some examples might be intensive supervised probation, house arrest, electronic monitoring, community residential centers, or shock incarceration. I think we need to have a self-sufficient prison that keeps inmates busy working for what they have, to cut down costs of prisons. One way to cut down costs is to actually use our death penalty, what is the severity of having a death penalty if you know you are going to sit in a cell until you die of natural causes. We are not posing enough threat to these criminals. Watching Lock Up on MSNBC, most of the inmates will never be functioning citizens, some of them admit they need to be behind a cell. Why pay so much money for someone to rot in jail, they are no use to the country and think they need to be put down, just like a viscous dog at the pound. If the vet determines the animal is too aggressive they euthanize the animal because they can never be adopted out, I think we can use the same concept in our correctional system. With an overpopulated correctional system, and the realignment bill 109 there will be many criminals back on the streets, which only adds to the problem for every other component of the criminal justice system. The police are having a bigger population of criminals back on the streets and the departments have tight budgets and do not have enough funds to hire more help to control the streets. The sheriff and police departments then will have to stretch themselves thin to try to put the recommitting offenders back in the correction system. Which then puts the criminal back into the already overcrowded court system, which creates more of a problem because now there are even more cases which will create bigger case loads and slow down the already slow system. Conclusion In this paper I discussed the past, current, and future trends in corrections. In the past the punishments were cruel, and now we are focused more on rehabilitation and California facilities are being over crowded. I also analyzed current and future issues facing the overpopulated prisons. The budget deficit is only going to get worse and these problems within the criminal justice system is only going to get bigger and bigger. Bill AB 109 was put into affect to help relieve the budget issue but as I discussed I think that it is a short-term solution because of the recidivism rates. The criminal justice system is always growing and changing to satisfy the needs of the communities they protect.