The American Workforce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The American Workforce - Essay Example The purpose of the study is to examine the correlation between age and job satisfaction among social workers in the Plainfield, Illinois School District 202.   Te correlation between age and job satisfaction shall be analysed in relation to a number of independent variables such as gender and ethnicity.     Notwithstanding the primary focus on age, other determinants of job satisfaction, such as pay, fringe benefits promotion opportunities and workload shall be looked at. The dissertation shall focus on the effect of age on job satisfaction among Illinois social workers, for determination of whether or not there exists a correlation between age and job satisfaction levels.   For the purposes of the proposed study, the research question is, â€Å"is there a correlation between job satisfaction and age among Illinois social workers, and does either gender or ethnicity interact with age to influence job satisfaction levels?†   The hypothesis for this study is, â€Å"there is no correlation between age and job satisfaction among social workers consequent to the fact that are no perceptible ageist practices in this particular work environment and, indeed, there is a marked tendency towards the greater appreciation of older social workers as age denotes experience.†Ã‚  The proposed study seeks the determination of whether or not there exists a correlation between age and social worker job satisfaction levels.   This is, in itself, a sign ificant aim for two reasons.  ... Despite a general recognition of the negative consequences of ageism, age discrimination is a risking problem in the American workplace. Mitchell (1993), Matcha (1997), Sicker (2002) and Smedley and Whitten (2006) concede that a wide array of societal factors incite ageism/age discrimination but the most important are the economic factors, especially those which hold that older workers are less productive and more costly to retain. In light of statistics forwarded by Dytchwald, Eriksson and Morrison (2006), the practice of ageism, as which would lead to a decrease in job satisfaction levels, hence motivation, is highly problematic. Figures for 2005 indicate that the older workforce has increased by 6.4 million over the past decade, two million individuals aged 50-74 are able to work and are seeking employment and that the number of men over the age of 50 who have decided to remain in the workforce has increased by 34% over the past decade (Dytchwald, Eriksson and Morrison, 2006). Apa rt from establishing the extent to which the American workforce has aged, the cited statistics are expressive of the magnitude of the problem which the economy faces should age be correlated to job satisfaction, on the one hand and should employees and co-workers exercise ageist practices as would negatively impact job satisfaction levels, on the other. Proceeding from within the framework of the above-stated, insofar as ageism is a predominant practice in the American workplace, and to the extent that the practice of ageism reduced job satisfaction levels, the consequences of both of the aforementioned shall be examined in relation to social workers (Goldberg, 2002). Purpose of the Study The purpose of the study is to examine the correlation between age and job

Hofstede Individualism - Uk vs Can Essay Example for Free

Hofstede Individualism Uk vs Can Essay There are many vast differences among the numerous cultural value systems, as most â€Å"value systems are rooted strongly in history and appear to be resistant to change† (De Mooij, 2003). However, if a culture has a significant influence on the development of another nation’s culture, is it surprising that those same values could very well transfer over? In the newer developed culture that adopted traits of a â€Å"mother† nation, is it not plausible for such aspects as advertisement and communication strategies to hold potential for applicability to both cultures alike? As Canada is a part of United Kingdom’s Commonwealth, it is a logical assumption that they inherited cultural traits and attributes commonly associated with those from the UK. Invoking the question whether they have they lost these cultural notions over their years of independence? According to Geert Hofstede’s cultural dimensions (Hofstede, 2001) individualism is an apparent cultural characteristic that both the United Kingdom and Canada still presently share. An international communicator could make a reasonable presumption that advertisement and communication strategies from the United Kingdom, being a mother nation to Canada, can be successfully utilized in Canada. In spite of this, there are little resources available to support such an acclamation. For such reason, the objective of this paper is to identify cultural attributes shared between the United Kingdom and Canada. Thus engaging the question What significant features in respective Crimestoppers campaigns, reflect cultural similarities of both Canada and United Kingdom? Purpose This research report will aim to establish significant comparable characteristics of Canada and United Kingdom’s national resemblance over Hofstede’s cultural individualism. Therefore, analyzing of adverts from both  countries’ Crimestoppers programs, assessing over the traits epitomized through Geert Hofstede’s individualism/collectivism cultural dimension and criteria of the high/low-context culture. This will give insight of cultural comparable characteristics from the adverts, which bares practical relevance for international communicators planning advertisements in both or each of the respective countries. The combination of distinguishing major similar characteristics evident in such adverts, and weighing them with the attributes stated in Hofstede’s dimensions of Canada and United Kingdom can act as a pertinent source for future cross-culture comparisons. 2|Page Theoretical Framework Culture typically holds a fuzzy perception, which makes effective marketing and advertising communication difficult in adapting to a foreign or international target market’s cultural values. For communication practitioners to assess their strategy’s affect on another cultural market there needs to be a basis in which they can conduct such evaluation. Such a basis for cross-examining countries does exist and is held in the highest regard for cultural comparison. The basis for said desire, is in Geert Hofstede’s 5 cultural dimensions: Power Distance (PDI), Individualism versus Collectivism (IDV), Masculinity versus Femininity (MAS), Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI) and Long-term versus Short-term orientation (LTO). These dimensions are used by many in the subject of cross-cultural communications; one individual in particular whose cross-cultural theories are deeply rooted from these 5 dimensions is Marieke de Mooij. As exclaimed by de Mooij (2003) â€Å"Countries can now be compared by means of dimensional scales and culture†¦in particular Hofstede’s (1991, 2001) dimensions of national culture are useful because of availability of country scores for a large number of countries† and the characteristics these dimensions implicate. Geert Hofstede’s 5-dimension model plays such a significant role in this research paper as it is from here that the main basis of the cultural connection concept originates. As one can see, Individualism – of the IDV cultural dimension – is where the United Kingdom and Canada excel the most (see Figure 2, Appendix). Thus, that dimension is most applicable in crossculturally comparing the two nation’s programs to determine dominant characteristics in their similarities. In accordance with Geert Hofstede’s cultural dimension country scores, United Kingdom and  Canada rank relatively high in Individualism of the IDV dimension – with scores of 89 and 80 respectively – making it a top dimension to match the two. There are several factors pertaining to individualism that define an individualist’s ideals versus that of a collectivist. Four noteworthy merits of importance to individualistic ideals are privacy, individual initiative, culpability, and independence (de Mooij, 2010). Several researchers’ works have associated these aspects reflecting traits commonly found with individualism favouring nations. To list ac couple of said researchers: Lamoreaux and Morling (2012), Zandpour (1994), Albers-Miller and Gelb (1996), de Mooij herself (1998), and Dahl (2004). While the four aforementioned factors are a good basis, another criterion is needed to compare Individualism of United Kingdom and Canada in order to gain a valuable insight into potential for cross culture communication strategies. This category compliments Hofstede’s individualistic and collectivistic culture dimension, and is another worthy measure in classifying a nation’s different depiction on individualism and collectivism. The vast difference between individualistic and collectivistic cultures is in the low/high-context communication methods (de Mooij, 2010). Through advertisements in these individualistic cultures, the public expects a personal and direct approach. Edward Hall developed a theory on high/low context, which compliments Hofstede’s individualism/collectivism framework (Hillebrand, 2007) while Dahl’s (2004) work supports the elements of Hofstede’s dimensions and Hall’s low context alike. Hall’s theory coincides with concepts from de Mooij over cross culture comparing of a low-context culture. low-context culture concepts are defined in three areas, being straightforward verbal communication, their directives and emphasis on use of personal pronouns. These concepts hold relevance as Canada and United Kingdom carry labels as individualistic nations by Hofstede therefore low-context in nature and analyzing their respective adverts through the individualistic trait and concepts of low-context messages, will reveal which characteristics are significant in defining them as culturally comparable. Methodology The methodology used for this paper is in a qualitative analysis of a few commercial adverts. In order to distinguish characteristics shared by United Kingdom and Canada, I decided to observe citizen participation programs functioning in both regions – â€Å"Crimestoppers†. Two television adverts from each nation were selected; one set being more of a Lesson form of advertisement, and another being a more Drama style of advertisement. The targets for each of the respective Crimestoppers ads are aimed for the public of densely populated and urban areas – Toronto, Canada and London, England. To determine similarities the two commercials from each country analyze the verbal and visual elements displayed throughout the adverts. The verbal and visual elements examined and evaluated for their cultural similarities, through the criteria deriving from Hofstede, Dahl, de Mooij and Hall’s theories. The characteristics of Hofstede’s individualism cultural dimension and Hall’s (1990) concepts in the low-context culture supported by de Mooij (2003, 2010) and Dahl (2004) establish a better understanding of which characteristics are dominant in making United Kingdom and Canada culturally similar. The operationalizing of these concepts are by analyzing the four commercials – two ads for each respective country – where in the assessment criteria stems from the aforementioned theories of Hofstede, Hall and de Mooij. The four criteria of the individualism dimension used are: 1. Privacy 2. Individual initiative 3. Culpability 4. Independence With the remaining three precedents of the low-context category being: 1. Straightforward approach 2. Directives 3. Personal pronouns The operationalizing of these seven aspects is over each of the four commercials, formulating the criteria for assessing the Crimestoppers adverts’ visual and verbal elements in a ta ble form (see Table 1.1 Table 1.2, in Results). The table lists each of the criterions under the two categories – individualism and lowcontext – and uses a rating system and an example box as the columns to assess the measure for each Crimestoppers video. The rating system uses a scale from 1-5, 1 representing the lowest presence in ads and 5 representing the strongest presence. The example column is where quick examples and points of each of the aspects from the Crimestoppers commercial, to better support the rating. There are two tables each comparing one Canadian video to one UK video, to highlight which cultural criteria dominantly depicts similarity between the two nations. The four Crimestoppers adverts that are used are titled and followed by a brief description below: 1. (CAN) Toronto Crimestoppers – Anonymous i. The beginning depicts a man robbing a convenient store with a hooded sweater and a gun. He then holds up the clerk when he realizes that the clerk is wearing a ski mask. Upon panicking, he realizes the witness inside the store, the old lady at the door when trying to exit, the child in the house looking out the window and the family in the car driving by are all wearing skie  masks. This is then pursued by the text â€Å"You stay anonymous†¦criminals don’t† before the Crimestoppers logo appears. 2. (UK) Don’t let them get away with it – Drink driving i. A man facing addresses the audience about ever witnessing a drink driver and doing nothing about it. Scene changes to the man in the background of a bar witnessing another man chugging down beer while confessing that he has witnessed a man enjoying too many drinks. Then states â€Å"somebody should of stopped him from driving home†¦I could of, but didn’t†. This is followed by the man stating that is was now only a matter of time, as the drunk driver gets in his car and his the man talking. Then closing wrapping up the video with the text â€Å"Drink drivers†¦ don’t let them get away with it† and the Crimestoppers logo and ad sponsors. 3. (CAN) Call Taker Taking Anonymous Phone TIP – Toronto Crimestoppers i. The video begins immediately with the operator on the phone with an anonymous tipper. Ensures the individual that the call is completely anonymous and not recorded. She then proceeds to ask questions about the tip about bullying in school, such as location, who is involved, description, recent activities. Then closes with informing the caller that if the information does lead to any arrest or conviction, that they can be eligible for a reward for up to $2,000 and gives them information about a case number that they may call and  follow up on. 4. (UK) What happens when I call Crimestoppers? i. Opening text  with â€Å"Your say†. This is followed by character sketch of a person calling on the phone before opening the scene of the phone operator greeting the caller. The caller nervous about giving information and asking for confirmation of anonymity. The operator then ensures him of anonymity, no call recording. call display, no court appearance or statement and that all she need is the information. Caller says that he had seen who stabbed an individual but was still reluctant to give information. She consoles him and really lets him know that it is completely anonymous and that she is not the police. He then confides in her who the stabber was, then rushes off the phone. The queues the closing text â€Å"this could have be your call† and â€Å"all the information has now been passed on anonymously to the relevant police force†. The first two videos are the more Drama oriented adverts and the following two are more Lesson styled videos, informing and teaching the viewer of how the system work. The criteria for the analysis deduced from the concepts and theories of Hofstede, Hall (1990), De Mooij (2010) and Dahl (2004) can make the depiction the values of Hofstede’s IDV dimension are apparent in the individualism of United Kingdom and Canada alike. These theories will determine whether the evaluation implies a similar relation between the cultural  natures, depicted between the adverts of the two nations’ Crimestoppers programs. As a result, the findings from the concepts will prove or disprove Expectation 1 (see Figure 1- Conceptual Framework). Consequently revealing the ability of the results to determine the validity of Expectation 2 (see Figure 1). Results The analysis of all four videos over the seven concepts of the Individualism and Lowcontext factors, proved to be successful. What was beneficial from the data analysis is that it did produce an insight to the dominant characteristics that both United Kingdom and Canada similarly portrayed in their respective Crimestoppers commercials. The four adverts are identifiable in de Mooij’s basic advertising forms as the first two commercials were Drama forms of advertising, as the both boasted interplay  between two characters to create a story in representation of the Crimestoppers program. The prominent aspects of the individualism and low-context cultures properly reflect Hofstede’s high individualistic ranking of Canada and the UK. As depicted in the analysis results from Table 1.1 and 1.2 (see below,) the prominent aspects unearthed were the Culpability and Privacy cultural aspect of an individualistic cultures, as well as through the Straightforward approach as sociated with the low-context culture. The Culpability aspect was found to be a dominant criterion of individualism across all four of the videos with a total rating of 8 for both Canada and United Kingdom. In the â€Å"Toronto Crimestoppers – Anonymous† video analyzed in Table 1.1, it was portrayed that all potential witnesses were wearing ski masks and that they ranged from very young to the elderly. This implied the ease and lack of risk for yourself in simply reporting what information you could. In the â€Å"Don’t let them get away with it – Drink driving† commercial, guilty conscious was created in their efforts to describe just how little effort you had to put into a prevention measure. Also, that in doing something, one could prevent someone from losing their life, as the speaker in the video could of prevented his own death by simply giving Crimestoppers a call. Moreover, in the third video â€Å"Call Taker Taking Anonymous Phone TIP – Toronto Crimestoppers†, analyzed in Table 1.2, it is severely emphasized by the call operator that there is no association, no having to go to court or give a statement, tied into your efforts. Finally, in the last advert, â€Å"What happens when I call Crimestoppers?† You hear the conversation between the call operator and a paranoid youth, who reluctant at first and still feeling at risk still provided information of a stabbing. The Straightforwardness has been found to be the leading feat of low-context criteria across the four Crimestoppers adverts with ratings of 8 for United Kingdom and Canada alike. The blunt approach is displayed in the 1st commercial as an armed suspect instantly enters the scene, yet throughout the whole commercial all witnesses are so evidently portrayed as hidden, protected, and anonymous should they wish to share any information. In the 2nd Crimestoppers advertisement the audience is instantly engaged in a â€Å"Have you allowed this happen?† scenario created with the speaker questioning the  viewer if they acted as he did which ultimately lead to his death. The 3rd and 4th ad, while being from Canada and UK respectively, both have the same depiction of the straightforward approach as in the first words involve â€Å"Crimestoppers† and they go on to highlight the significance of anonymity, low risk and ease for the information to be provided. Table 1.1 shows that the Privacy feat received low ratings out of the first two Crimestoppers advertisements yet they received a 5 in the rating each make the total for both nations a rating of 6. As the second two commercials were Lesson forms of advertisements, particularly of the sub-category of Demonstration as both commercials had â€Å"a presenter demonstrate how the product works† de Mooij (2010). Over this set I found the Privacy feature to be a distinguishable characteristic of individualism, as both Crimestoppers commercials depicted strong symbols of privacy with the emphasis on one’s personal space is not compromised, and in no way threatened. Table 1.2 states evidence observed in 3rd and 4th adverts of the operators giving such statements as â€Å"We are not recording anything†, â€Å"don’t need any information about you† and â€Å"won’t even tell the police it was a man or woman who called†. Below are the results from the analysis of the four Crimestoppers adverts for encouragement of participation programs. Table 1.1 – (1 Lowest presence – 5 Strong presence) Canadian Crimestoppers #1 Toronto Crimestoppers – Anonymous Rating (1-5) Individualistic Features Privacy 1 No depiction of individualistic privacy 1 The aspect of not having to come to a station, or have to have authorities entering.

Elizabeth Bishop Roosters :: essays research papers

Throughout history, poets have existed to create works that spark emotions from their readers. One poet in particular, who virtually mastered this technique, was Elizabeth Bishop. Born in 1911, Bishop grew to be a well-known poet. Her works gained national attention, and her writing style brought her fame. Elizabeth Bishop was born in Worcester, Massachusetts in 1911. She began her young life in New England, and later moved to Nova Scotia in Canada after her father died and her mother was committed. After basic education, Bishop attended Vassar College in the state of New York. Bishop met Mary McCarthy, and they worked together on a literary magazine while attending Vassar called Con Spirito. Bishop graduated with a bachelor's degree in 1934. After graduating, Bishop pursued her literary career and became wealthy as a result. Due to the overwhelming popularity of her first publication, North and South, Bishop edited and re-released it. With the publication's new makeover, the popularity increased earning Bishop the Nobel Prize for Poetry in 1956. Bishop's works were extensive and thought provoking. Although many of her publications were magazine submissions (The New Yorker), Bishop released different collections of her poems. Questions of Travel (1965) focused on many of the settings she saw and felt while living in Brazil. Brazil (1967) was a travel book of poems about Brazil's surroundings. An Anthology of 20th Century Brazilian Poetry (1972) is exactly what it labels, Brazilian poetry. Geography III (1976) was her last collection of poems that earned her the National Book Critics Circle Award. Bishop died from a cerebral aneurysm in Boston on October 6, 1979. Due to Bishop's magnificent following of readers, her poems have survived over twenty years after her death. There are many poems that carry an underlying meaning, and one of Bishop's in particular is Roosters. Roosters, is a poem of uncertainty and power. The poem addresses the Bible story of Peter's denial that he was a disciple of Jesus Christ. Jesus told Peter that by the time the rooster crows, Peter would deny any knowledge of Jesus three times. As the evening passed, three times Peter was questioned about Jesus and three times he denied Jesus' existence. Roosters starts off with a description of the surroundings and atmosphere. The setting develops a gloomy and dark arena for the reader to delve into: At four o'clock in the gun-metal blue dark we hear the first crow of the first cock

Marketing of the white supremists groups

Before the American Civil War, white supremacy was born. White supremacy is basically the exploitation and oppression of the people and communities by the white people; for the given purpose of establishing, maintaining and defending the wealth, power and privilege. This white supremacy has established a culture that justifies and binds together the white people. White people are referred to as white American people and some nations also use the term for â€Å"Englishmen,† â€Å"Irishmen† or â€Å"Christians.† Between 1960s and 1970s, there was a depression in the nation’s history.The United States of America’s government was guilty of injustice and discrimination against their fellow Americans. Biased people get off the street and filled the area through out the country their purpose of committing this collective behavior is to emphasize the evils of the Blacks, Jews, the homosexuals, and the handicapped. Up to now, the considered â€Å"evils† of the society still suffers from verbal and physical abuse. At that time, the Americans were under siege of hateful demonstrations.White supremacy back then preaches hatred of the blacks and Jews, homosexuals and other minorities. Then hate crimes have sprouted everywhere. According to Summer in the text â€Å"anti-defamation†, there was an instance that occurred on the 10th of August 1999, O’Neal Furrow Jr. threatened a Filipino-American mailman by saying, †mail the letter before I shoot you!!† and it only happened after he tried to shoot kindergarten students with their teacher who are believed to be Jews.After what he had done, he was taken to custody and his justification for his action was that he wanted his actions to be a wake-up call for the American people to kill and eradicate the existence of the Jews. Though the act was wicked and sick, the accused was not charged of anything since the officer-in-charge is white. From this, it is assumed tha t white supremacy in a violation of human rights and only those you have experienced it are the only ones who can testify. There is no room for cases like this since you do not belong to the predominant group which is the white people. White supremacy entails the discrimination against the blacks thought they do not do anything back being black is already a sin. This mentality made â€Å"the blacks† the inferior race than â€Å"the whites†.White supremacy ideologically manipulates the United States politics and affects other institutions of the American society. There are criteria to classify racial categories such as economic status, social status and political status.   All of this is related with power acquisition.   The European model of supremacy does not actually teach to hate based on color and social stratification hence they just want to contaminate the nations to affirm the dominance of the whites.The white supremacy sprouted from the identity crisis of t he European nationalism. White Supremacy is said to be and ideological, structural, historical stratification process intentionally transmitted by Europe: to other races to promote advantages of the â€Å"whites†; to make the top-to-bottom mechanics work; and especially to make Europeans dominant based on color, gender, social status, ethnicity and religion.They want to be the dominant race because of the power relations accompanied by being dominant. Privileges of power are the most important thing since it involves the allocation of resources and making decisions. The process of White Supremacy is to plague the minds of other races to emulate the fear and inferiority based upon the qualities that they have. Well in fact, there is no material evidence to say that â€Å"whites† are the supreme beings.These are some of the evidence that there are methods used by the White Supremacy adherents to spread the bad word. First, they used religion as a tool. It is believed tha t the racists asked God for permission to hate other religions that do not worship God. Second, they use the media to spread their propaganda. A credible person would talk in a radio show fueled by a â€Å"hate-motivated† speech to assert what has to be done in the said to inferior races. Another form that they use is the use of the written-word, the newspaper.There are tabloids that they used to promote hate and discord with the other races and religions. In religion, they sent out pamphlets that tell how God has given them the power to kill and eradicate religion that has not been rooted for the white people. Another is through music, though most of them are banned now since they want to promote a harmonious relationship with blacks as they say. They used the music industry to spread hate by creating songs that are related with blacks and being racists is a good thing, that sort of themes.For the blacks, they have countered it with the hip-hop scene but they do not promote hate for white people, they express themselves by showing how kind they are and how passionate they are with music. Blacks never claimed that they are better it is just that whites are insisting to rub them to be inferior. Third, is that they used videogames to give the virtual reality a taste for those who crave to kill and abuse the inferior race.Videogames are not screened or monitored if they are created to have discriminatory them hence it is tolerated since it sells more. And also it has extreme access with the youth and the upcoming youth is the market for new white supremacy adherents. In a simple game of chess, one may might ask, â€Å"why the player with white pieces will make a move first?† This is very controversial since chess has been a long time game hence it spurred discrimination. It was said that the white pieces are the aristocrats and the black are the slaves. Hence, it was not provided that there is hierarchy between them. It is just that the white pieces are made to have distinction with the black pieces and being the first to move was never intended to be absorbed as its discourse.The White horde or the areas where white people is in abundance have shown evidence to exercise white supremacy. The rise in the migration trend on these countries have implied that there will be also a rise in the white supremist groups hence it was unintentional. Due to that, the justice system has improved their prevention and surveillance against these groups. If such group was established, it can be punishable by the law. White supremacy is a negative ideology to adhere with and its attacks are non-rational. We are rational beings. We should act in accordance to what the people act upon.If they are good, we must be good. If they are bad, rationalize the situation first before retaliation. We cannot be discriminatory based on color. Being black is not being aliens. Being non-Christian is being evil. This is not what we have wanted for our society to become. We label this deviant thinking and idea to for the wrong reasons. With this, we are creating a barrier between other races.This is bad for the hopes of the world to be harmonious. There is nothing we could do change are colors and our beliefs hence we should not make any prejudices and stereotypes against other races since it will promote vengefulness and discord among them. White supremacy should be thrashed as well the black supremacy. Black supremacy was in reaction to white supremacy and still the whites did not realize the implications and effects of they did.Overall white supremacy is a racist ideology. It promotes hate among groups and races that are not white in culture and in practice. The White Supremacy adherents are blinded by the false consciousness instilled by them. I think no one would claim who started this racist ideology because he must be ashamed of what he did. The use of other institutions even religion is a very sick mentality.With this, as our awarene ss, we should eradicate white supremacy at all costs. We must launch an effort against this. Racism and discrimination are not corruptors of society. We must not entertain any of these wrong ideas. Differences must not lead to discrimination. We are blinded by the differences that we have. We are being disillusioned by the fact that whites are made to be superior yet they just imposed it on us. There is no superior or inferior race, it just depends on the perception of how we understand things and conditions and act or react with accordance to these things. Differences are things that must bind us together thus it must not lead to human extinction. Human extinction will occur if these events continue to plague our minds.ReferencesAnti-Defamation League. (1999) A season of hate. Retrieved on October 20, 2007 from http://archive.adl.org/1999_audit/summer_1999.htmlShepard, M.S.(2001) Funeral for gay hate-crime victim brutally murdered. Retrieved on October 20, 2007 from https://smallbu siness.yahoo.com/Brown, A. (2000) White Supremacy. The Guardian, UK. Retrieved on October 20, 2007 f  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   rom https://smallbusiness.yahoo.com/

Choice Theories and How They Relate To Crime Essay

Choice Theories are a rational choice that actors act upon because of the thoughts and feelings they have. It is an immediate instinct to do what’s needed for your immediate survival at the time. Also Known as a personal conscious choice. Rational people think that the act will benefit them more than cause harm to themselves. They do not know if it will cause harm to anyone else around them but honestly they normally do not care. Criminals are a great group of people whom commit these acts. They feel that they are restrained and that their choices are constricted. They use this as a last and sometimes only resort. Criminals are seen as inherently anit-social. This gives the criminals a sense of control, power, and in their minds gives them an alternative career. For example look at drug dealers. They live their lives selling drugs not because they enjoy doing it and disobeying the law but because they can work for two hours and they can make more money than I do in two weeks working 40+ hours. They love quick easy money and over look the consequences. The only way to stop this major crime rate and help keep our justice system a little more organized and not so stressful is to make the cost of crime so high that no rational human will commit the crime. All of this does not go for a criminal whom sits down and thinks of the cost/benefit portion of things. A choice theory to some is simply nothing other than a resort.

How to Distinguish Between a File and a Directory in Perl

How to Distinguish Between a File and a Directory in Perl Lets say youre building a Perl script to traverse a file system and record what it finds. As you open file handles, you need to know if youre dealing with an actual file or with a directory, which you treat differently. You want to glob a directory, so you can continue to recursively parse the filesystem. The quickest way to tell files from directories is to use Perls built-in ​File Test Operators.  Perl has operators you can use to test different aspects of a file. The -f operator is used to identify regular files rather than directories or other types of files. Using the -f File Test Operator #!/usr/bin/perl -w$filename /path/to/your/file.doc;$directoryname /path/to/your/directory;if (-f $filename) {print This is a file.;}if (-d $directoryname) {print This is a directory.; } First, you create two strings: one pointing at a file and one pointing at a directory. Next, test the $filename with the -f operator, which checks to see if something is a file. This will print This is a file. If you try the -f operator on the directory, it doesnt print. Then, do the opposite for the $directoryname and confirm that it is, in fact, a directory. Combine this with a directory glob  to sort out which elements are files and which are directories: #!/usr/bin/perl -wfiles *;foreach $file (files) {if (-f $file) {print This is a file: . $file;}if (-d $file) {print This is a directory: . $file;}}​ A complete list of Perl File Test Operators  is  available online.

Participar Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples

Participar Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples The Spanish verb participar is a cognate of the English verb to participate, which means that both words are derived from the same root word and have similar meanings. Participar is a regular -ar verb, like tratar and ayudar. This article includes participar conjugations in the indicative mood (present, past, conditional, and future), the subjunctive mood (present and past), the imperative mood, and other verb forms. Using the Verb Participar Since participar is a cognate of the English participate, it has the same meaning in both languages. Therefore, you can use participar in most contexts when you would use the English verb participate. For example, you can say Quiero participar en la competencia (I want to participate in the competition). However, in Spanish participar can be used in a few ways that do not translate to English. For example, it can be used to mean to share information or inform, as in Ella me participà ³ de la fecha de la reunià ³n (She shared with me the date of the meeting); or to share or get a share of something, as in Todos participamos de los beneficios de la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a (We all share in the companys benefits). Participar Present Indicative Yo participo I participate Yo participo en la clase. Tà º participas You participate Tà º participas en las reuniones importantes. Usted/à ©l/ella participa You/he/she participates Ella participa en la conferencia como invitada especial. Nosotros participamos We participate Nosotros participamosen la carrera. Vosotros participis Youparticipate Vosotros participis en la organizacià ³n de la fiesta. Ustedes/ellos/ellas participan You/they participate Ellos participanen las elecciones polà ­ticas. Participar Preterite Indicative The preterite tense is usually translated to English as the simple past. It is used to describe completed actions in the past. Yo participà © I participated Yo participà © en la clase. Tà º participaste You participated Tà º participaste en las reuniones importantes. Usted/à ©l/ella participà ³ You/he/she participated Ella participà ³ en la conferencia como invitada especial. Nosotros participamos We participated Nosotros participamosen la carrera. Vosotros participasteis Youparticipated Vosotros participasteis en la organizacià ³n de la fiesta. Ustedes/ellos/ellas participaron You/they participated Ellos participaron en las elecciones polà ­ticas. Participar Imperfect Indicative The imperfect tense is also a past tense, but it is used to talk about ongoing or repeated actions in the past. It is usually translated to English as was participating or used to participate. Yo participaba I used to participate Yo participaba en la clase. Tà º participabas You used to participate Tà º participabas en las reuniones importantes. Usted/à ©l/ella participaba You/he/she used to participate Ella participaba en la conferencia como invitada especial. Nosotros participbamos We used to participate Nosotros participbamosen la carrera. Vosotros participabais Youused to participate Vosotros participabais en la organizacià ³n de la fiesta. Ustedes/ellos/ellas participaban You/they used to participate Ellos participaban en las elecciones polà ­ticas. Participar Future Indicative Yo participarà © I will participate Yo participarà © en la clase. Tà º participars You will participate Tà º participars en las reuniones importantes. Usted/à ©l/ella participar You/he/she will participate Ella participar en la conferencia como invitada especial. Nosotros participaremos We will participate Nosotros participaremosen la carrera. Vosotros participarà ©is Youwill participate Vosotros participarà ©is en la organizacià ³n de la fiesta. Ustedes/ellos/ellas participarn You/they will participate Ellos participarn en las elecciones polà ­ticas. Participar Periphrastic  Future Indicative   The periphrastic future has three different components: the present indicative conjugation of the verb ir (to go), the preposition a, and the infinitive participar. Yo voy a participar I am going to participate Yo voya participar en la clase. Tà º vasa participar You aregoing toparticipate Tà º vasa participar en las reuniones importantes. Usted/à ©l/ella vaa participar You/he/she isgoing toparticipate Ella vaa participar en la conferencia como invitada especial. Nosotros vamosa participar We aregoing toparticipate Nosotros vamosa participar en la carrera. Vosotros vaisa participar Youaregoing toparticipate Vosotros vaisa participar en la organizacià ³n de la fiesta. Ustedes/ellos/ellas vana participar You/they aregoing toparticipate Ellos vana participar en las elecciones polà ­ticas. Participar Present Progressive/Gerund Form The present participle or gerund is a verb form that is often used as an adverb or to form progressive verb forms like the present progressive. Present Progressive ofParticipar est participando Is participating Ella est participando en la conferencia como invitada especial. Participar Past Participle The past participle can be used as an adjective or to form perfect tenses like the present perfect. Present Perfect of Participar ha participado Has participated Ella ha participado en la conferencia como invitada especial. Participar Conditional Indicative The conditional tense is usually translated to English as would verb, and it is used to talk about possibilities. Yo participarà ­a I will participate Yo participarà ­a en la clase si no fuera tan tà ­mida. Tà º participarà ­as You will participate Tà º participarà ­as en las reuniones importantes si te invitaran. Usted/à ©l/ella participarà ­a You/he/she will participate Ella participarà ­a en la conferencia como invitada especial si pudiera asistir. Nosotros participarà ­amos We will participate Nosotros participarà ­amosen la carrera si entrenramos suficiente. Vosotros participarà ­ais Youwill participate Vosotros participarà ­ais en la organizacià ³n de la fiesta si pudierais asistir. Ustedes/ellos/ellas participarà ­an You/they will participate Ellos participarà ­an en las elecciones polà ­ticas si pudieran votar. Participar Present Subjunctive Que yo participe That I participate La maestra quiere que yo participe en la clase. Que tà º participes That you participate El jefe pide que tà º participes en las reuniones importantes. Que usted/à ©l/ella participe That you/he/she participate La profesora espera que ella participe en la conferencia como invitada especial. Que nosotros participemos That we participate El entrenador quiere que nosotros participemos en la carrera. Que vosotros participà ©is That you participate Patricia necesita que vosotros participà ©isen la organizacià ³n de la fiesta. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas participen That you/they participate El gobernador quiere que ellos participen en las elecciones polà ­ticas. Participar Imperfect Subjunctive The imperfect subjunctive can be conjugated in two different ways, shown in the tables below. Option 1 Que yo participara That I participated La maestra querà ­a que yo participara en la clase. Que tà º participaras That you participated El jefe pidià ³ que tà º participaras en las reuniones importantes. Que usted/à ©l/ella participara That you/he/she participated La profesora esperaba que ella participara en la conferencia como invitada especial. Que nosotros participramos That we participated El entrenador querà ­a que nosotros participramosen la carrera. Que vosotros participarais That you participated Patricia necesitaba que vosotros participaraisen la organizacià ³n de la fiesta. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas participaran That you/they participated El gobernador querà ­a que ellos participaran en las elecciones polà ­ticas. Option 2 Que yo participase That I participated La maestra querà ­a que yo participase en la clase. Que tà º participases That you participated El jefe pidià ³ que tà º participases en las reuniones importantes. Que usted/à ©l/ella participase That you/he/she participated La profesora esperaba que ella participase en la conferencia como invitada especial. Que nosotros participsemos That we participated El entrenador querà ­a que nosotros participsemosen la carrera. Que vosotros participaseis That you participated Patricia necesitaba que vosotros participaseisen la organizacià ³n de la fiesta. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas participasen That you/they participated El gobernador querà ­a que ellos participasen en las elecciones polà ­ticas. Participar Imperative The imperative mood consists of commands, both positive and negative. Positive Commands Tà º participa Participate!  ¡Participa en las reuniones importantes! Usted participe Participate!  ¡Participe en la conferencia como invitada especial! Nosotros participemos Let's participate!  ¡Participemos en la carrera! Vosotros participad Participate!  ¡Participad en la organizacià ³n de la fiesta! Ustedes participen Participate!  ¡Participen en las elecciones polà ­ticas! Negative Commands Tà º no participes Don't participate!  ¡No participes en las reuniones importantes! Usted no participe Don't participate!  ¡No participe en la conferencia como invitada especial! Nosotros no participemos Let's not participate!  ¡No participemos en la carrera! Vosotros no participà ©is Don't participate!  ¡No participà ©is en la planeacià ³n de la fiesta! Ustedes no participen Don't participate!  ¡No participen en las elecciones polà ­ticas!